APOL 104 Worldview Essay

â€Å"A worldview is your philosophy of life. It is the framework you bring to decision-making† (Weider & Gutierrez, 2011, p.69). How we view the world leads us to our destination. II.1. The question of origin- Where do we come from? Christians believe that we were created by the one and only sovereign God (Genesis 1:27). The Christian worldview says that God created the world and everything in it within a six day period where on the sixth day God created one man and one woman from which the past and present global population has originated (Genesis 1:28). 2. The question of identity-What does it mean to be human? The Christian worldview accepts that we are a unique creation of God. Christians believe that man was made in the likeness of God (Genesis 1:27) and then given the authority over all of the earth (Genesis 1:28-30). God intended that man would care for both the livestock and plant life, and both livestock and plant life were given to man to be used as a food source. 3. The question of meaning/purpose- Why Does mankind exist? Christians believe that mankind exists to glorify the creator. This is accomplished through a wide variety of efforts and means. Some of these efforts include worship, (Psalm 95) obedience, (Philippians 2:12-13) prayer, and thanksgiving. The object of these efforts is to establish a personal relationship with God. The end result of the relationship being eternal life where the individual pleasures in God’s immeasurable glory for eternity. 4. The question of morality -What is meant by right and wrong? The Christian worldview cites that morality is derived from the person of God. Specifically God provided mankind with law to establish a baseline for morality (Exodus 20). Morality was not left for man to determine, but was established by God. Mankind has rejected God’s law of morality and so this is in need of salvation from God’s judgment (Romans 3:23) 5. The question of destiny- Is there life after death? Christians believe after death the soul will eternally go to one of two places, with God in heaven or separated from God in Hell. The Christian worldview maintains that both heaven and hell are not figurative, but literal places. In order for one to go to Heaven one must be justified and sanctified. Justification is completed through an individual’s belief in the life, death, burial, and resurrection of Jesus Christ as the Son of God and trust that Jesus’ sacrifice was sufficient atonement for one’s sin (John 3:16). Sanctification is carried out daily through a personal relationship with Jesus; the product of which is repentance from sin and obedience to God’s standards of morality ultimately resulting in the soul’s eternal residence in Heaven (Matthew 25:23) III.1. The way the biblical worldview influences the way that I think about, treat, and speak to others on a daily basis comes from being able to accept everyone for who they are. It is easy for the flesh to pass judgment, but I always try to hold each person in the eyes of our Lord. I do not want to be judged or spoken down too therefore I will not act that way towards others. Our biblical worldview can reflect a huge impact on others. 2. The way the biblical worldview influences the way I treat/interact with the environment and non-human creation is based on how God took the time to create every single thing on this planet. I want to take care of His earth, His creation just as He expects me too. We were given authority over the earth, so I will obey. â€Å"God is the source of all that is good, and His goodness can be seen in the beauty of His creation† (Weider & Gutierrez, 2011, p.75). For mankind to harm His creation would be the same as if I bake a cake and then someone comes along and just dumps it in the floor.

Baderman Island Family Vacations Essay

Baderman Island Family Vacations: Advertising, Creative, and Media Strategies Advertising not only works but is often unmatched in its capacity to reach major audiences, build brand awareness and personality, as well as stimulate curiosity and desire. But, more than ever, companies today [in this very competitive environment] need the right creative messages and media choices in an effort to break through the â€Å"noise† in order to get noticed, and therefore, remembered. This paper will outline Baderman Island’s Family Vacations advertising plan, further expanding on creative decisions and effective media strategies in an effort to increase market share. Baderman Island – Family Vacations Analysis Family getaways are one of the top reasons that guests stay at Baderman Island, regardless of whether the stay is a seven day excursion or a weekend family reunion. With so many activities to choose from such as: boat rentals, water skiing, snorkeling, scuba diving, tennis, golf, five secluded beaches, Oasis Spa, and gallery touring there is truly something for everyone in the family to enjoy, not to mention all the activities on the island are appropriate for visitors of all ages. The many unique selling points of Baderman Island Family Vacations consist of the island being self contained, all-inclusive, hosting an array of restaurants, three different hotels, and unlimited activities to entertain and relax all guests. Currently, the marketing situation consists of a website that is an excellent tool for attracting guests and showing them all the perks of the island through pictures and blogs. The blog is a new advancement to the website, but should prove to attract positively more guests through the testimonials of previous visitors. Target Audience The target audience for Baderman Island is the typical â€Å"family vacationers† who are looking for a resort that offers a variety of activities without having to leave the premises. These families will consist of parents with at least one child. The target family will be the family who consists of two adults within the household with at â€Å"least† 2-3 children to help maximize profits. All races, ethnicities and cultures are welcome. The target market will be an adult who enjoy warm weather vacations with family, spending quality time with each other enjoying activities and who have a love for the beach and fine art. The target audience will also consist of consumers who fall within the lower to middle class and above demographics searching for a family destination that does not require leaving the United States (U.  S. ). Not all families can afford the cost of securing passports and expensive air travel to the Caribbean. Creative Strategies A creative strategy is important to the overall execution of an advertising campaign. Team C will use a â€Å"positioning† approach as its creative strategy. In this approach Baderman Island will be clearly defined as the number one â€Å"all inclusive† destination for family travel. Brand image approach will also be incorporated into the strategy. This will help consumers correlate the Baderman Island brand as a top notch, high quality destination. This approach will be accomplish by using an easy to remember slogan, such as â€Å"Baderman Island Family Vacations, the Finest Place to Reconnect,† as well as further using the ever popular slogan, â€Å"Relax, Enjoy, Indulge. † Increased emphasis will be placed on marketing the concept that Baderman Island is a unique destination specializing in family activities. This will enable Baderman Island to distinguish themselves from other competitive resorts in the marketplace. All creative advertisement associated with the resort will be colorful and eye catching; it will feature pictures that depict happy families vacationing and spending time together, further providing a visual of what family vacationing could be for the potential customer. On radio spots sound bites will be used of customer testimonials of how happy they were when they vacationed on the island. TV ads will also depict families enjoying themselves on the beach, playing golf, in the spa, visiting the museums and art galleries, and participating in the many sports activities offered on the island. The television ads will also highlight the many pricing plans and payment options where applicable. Positioning Statement Baderman Island’s positioning concept will explain that Baderman Island Family Vacations is for vacationers with families who are seeking a luxury resort â€Å"experience† to reenergize from their busy lives and reconnect with family and friends, and that Baderman Island Family Resorts is one of the most luxurious destinations in the world. The island offers four star accommodations that highlight a world-class spa featuring a full range of treatments designed around the resort’s natural springs, sophisticated purpose-designed meeting facilities, and an assortment of other amenities all delivered with a high level of personalized service (University of Phoenix, 2008). All of this is made available on this self-contained, all-inclusive resort island that is surrounded by the beautiful Kelsey River. Golfing, fishing, spa facilities, museum excursions and a beautiful beach are all available to vacationers of this island. Message Platform Baderman’s message platform is to develop Baderman’s brand and when potential guest see the logo, they will envision the beautiful crystal clear waters, which symbolizes peacefulness as well as relaxation. Presently, Baderman Island is expanding the brand on the 1,600 acres of land they own. 750 acres are operational. See map below. (University of Phoenix, 2008). In an effort to increase brand recognition Baderman Island will rely heavily on word-of-mouth marketing. The expectation will be that satisfied guest will continuously sell the brand for the resort while Baderman Island continues to make capital improvements. Once the Baderman Island’s guest vacation experience is over and they leave, the hope is that they will tell their friends about the wonderful experience during their stay. Word-of-mouth advertising is one of the most effective advertising vehicles when feedback is 100% positive. Baderman Island will strive to be the number one vacationing spot. Baderman Island will be well known for the following attributes: Owning an island, which exclusively promotes their brand, and having facilities that offer excellent customer service. Baderman Island makes a point of listening to guests who have enjoyed previous stays and will continue to develop innovative ideas that include customer feedback on how to improve future stays. Media Strategies and Objectives Print media is one of the most efficient ways to reach potential customers. For example, magazines are a medium that has a number of special-interest publications segments that can reach Baderman target audience (Wisconsin Department of Tourism, 2009). As a result, print ads, billboards, and brochures will be Baderman Island’s priority media vehicles of choice. Baderman Island will also use a number of advertising campaigns which will run a variation of television commercials, all emphasizing family fun. An additional strategy that Baderman will use in order to develop a relationship with potential guests is through the use of [developing] creative brochures which will assist with enticing guest towards booking a vacation on Baderman’s Island property. After all, they are inquiring about Baderman’s vacationing experience, so brochures will bring Baderman’s Island Vacations upfront and personal to future guest. Guests will be able to look at full color ads while reading a wealth of information regarding services, pricing plans, recreation packages, spa schedules and a host of activities used to keep children occupied during the day. The objective is to have future guest pick-up and carry brochures with them so they can view the material at their leisure and share it with family and friends. Baderman will capitalize on the idea that the brochure is portable which gives the upper hand rather then relying on guest to remember a 60 second commercial. Lastly, radio air time will also be explored as a media option. There are seven times as many radio stations as television stations in the U. S. (Wisconsin Department of Tourism, 2009) therefore; this is a medium that Baderman will seek to explore with the assistance of a limited-service agency. Strategy RationaleThe rationale behind the creative strategies and campaign message is to ensure that Baderman Island Vacations stands out over the competition. Creating the easy to remember message of â€Å"Baderman Island Family Vacations, the Finest Place to Reconnect,† will capture the image of Balderman Island at its fullest. In addition, using vibrant colors within ads and â€Å"real† people will not only be an eye catcher, but also illustrates the fun side of Balderman Island. Using photos of smiling and happy families doing fun activities together as part of advertisement features will say it all. Baderman Island will use similar stock photos in all advertisements. By placing the emphasis on â€Å"family† the brand image that Baderman Island will be known for will be something that both existing and potential customers will relate too. The resort will also seek to create a feeling of nostalgia where people who see the billboards, magazines, website, or hear radio advertisements will wish and want to experience what Baderman Island offers. An addition strategy will be to choose air time during busy traffic hours to advertise services. What better time to dream being somewhere else than when a person is stuck in a traffic jam. As a family resort, Baderman Island believes in getting and giving the best. As customers, Baderman personnel staff expects the best on both products and services from providers, and it is only right that the resort gives the same respect, treatment and consideration to their customers. Baderman Island stands on the priority objective of treating customers â€Å"just like family. †Supportive ResourcesAlthough many companies have opted towards using outside advertising agencies exclusively for assistance with creative ideas, Balderman Island prefers to do it themselves. Baderman Island’s in-house creative teams provide a range of services depending on the resorts needs and are familiar with the resorts rich history and many products and services. The in-house team is also better equipped to handle adhoc problems regarding advertisements within a timely manner. Keeping creative development in-house will provide the resort more control with lower risks of having proprietary confidential information leaking into the wrong hands, also keeping in mind that external agencies have other clients to assist. In addition to risk management, in-house creative resources for creative support make it easier to coordinate and have a more â€Å"personal† touch with the service versus an outside agency. In addition to in-house support Baderman Island will seek advice from limited-services agencies which specializes in one aspect of creative process; usually providing creative production work or the purchase of media space (Wisconsin Department of Tourism, 2008). A limited-services agency will be used in order to coordinate radio air time and in some instances magazine space. ConclusionAs stated earlier, Baderman Island Family Vacations is striving to continue to compete in a very competitive environment. With the consistent advertising message, â€Å"Baderman Island Family Vacations, the Finest Place to Reconnect,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Baderman will further expand on that message by building upon a media strategy that emphasis family, fun, relationships, and value. Therefore, a media strategy that focuses on â€Å"awareness advertising,† where the attempts to build Baderman Island’s image and familiarity with the resort brand and excellent services will be their ticket towards marketing success. Baderman Island is confident that by using multi-media vehicles of print ads, billboards, brochures, television commercials, and radio spots their target audience will be effectively reached. Six months post campaign launch, Baderman will evaluate their advertising effectiveness through monitoring and post-evaluation tools and re-evaluate their marketing plan accordingly based on results.

Chowking Food Corporation Essay

1.4 Background History of the Company Chowking (Chinese: è ¶â€¦Ã§ ¾ ¤) is a Philippine-based chain that pioneered the Asian quick-service restaurant concept in the Philippines. The concept combines a Western fast-food service style with Chinese food. Chowking predominantly sells noodle soups, dimsum, and rice toppings. The company was founded in 1985 at a time when Western-style burger joints were dominating the Philippine fast food scene. Its first store is strategically located at the Makati Commercial Center. In 1989, Chowking started expanding its market share amid the volatility in the domestic market. It started its franchising operations and made its entry into the provincial markets the same year particularly in Meycauayan, Bulacan. It also released its first Chowking TV commercial. In 1991, Chowking launches its Food Delivery Service. Annual system-wide sales hit P118.1 Million. In 1992, Chowking Food Corporation enters the Visayas with the opening of the Bacolod Era Mall store, and Mindanao with the opening of the Limketkai outlet in Cagayan de Oro. Its annual system-wide sales reach P342.8 Million as of 1993. Its annual system-wide sales hit P522 Million in 1994. In 1996, Chowking opens 100th store and the sales increase to P1.31 Billion. On January 1, 2000, Chowking became a wholly owned subsidiary of Jollibee Foods Corporation, the Philippines’ biggest fast-food chain. The change in ownership gave rise to store renovations and a new corporate look and mindset that is visible from front-end to back-end. In 2008, Chowking announced the completion of a Php270-million (USD 5.65-million) modernization program, which will help set  the stage for the company’s future growth. Called â€Å"Project DMSSM† (pronounced â€Å"dimsum†) for â€Å"Designed, Modernized and Streamlined Supply Chai n and Manufacturing,† the two-year modernization program that started in 2006 involves the expansion and renovation of Chowking’s Noodle Building, increased automation, and the improved integration of food manufacturing processes in its two commissaries in Muntinlupa City. The CHOWKING FOOD CORPORATION gained entrance to the Philippines’ highly competitive fast-food industry in 1985, at a time when it was dominated by western-style burger joints. It positioned itself in a niche where it could be a strong leader, by adopting the best features of two distinct restaurant personalities – on the one hand, the traditional Chinese restaurant, with its menu of delectable, sumptuous but easy-to-prepare and reasonably-priced dishes; on the other, the modern, western-style fast-food joint, with its eye-catching faà §ade, bright interiors and young staff dispensing friendly and snappy service – and fused them into a unique concept: the Oriental quick-service restaurant. With focus on its core competencies to create differentiated, superior product value, Chowking has stood the test of shifting tastes, changing lifestyles and a volatile market, to develop its own set of loyal customers that keeps growing year in and year out. In 1989, in an aggressive bid to expand its client base and capture a bigger share of the market, the company initiated its franchising operations and marked its entry into the provincial market. The twin moves enabled the company to pursue an ambitious expansion program that has made Chowking the largest Oriental quick-service (QSR) chain in the Philippines, enjoying high visibility in all the major cities and towns in the country’s main island groups, Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. To ensure its continued growth, Chowking explored markets outside the Philippines. As of 2008, Chowking has over 400 stores within the Philippines and in markets such as the United States, Middle East and Indonesia. Chowking has steadily been expanding its network in the Philippines. It is able to ensure the freshness of its food and the reliability of its supply through its main commissaries in Highland, Muntinlupa City and Sucat, Paraà ±aque City as well as satellite commissaries in Iloilo, Cebu, Cagayan de Oro, Davao, and Pangasinan. In Dubai in the United Arab Emirates, Chowking’s commissary serves ten stores and is expanding to other areas. Emboldened by its success on the  domestic front, the company ventured into the global market in 1995, with the opening of a Chowking store in California, USA. Today, Chowking outlets are operating in the US West Coast under a licensing agreement with a Filipino expatriate family. A similar agreement has been forged with a Dubai national for the operation of Chowking stores in the Middle East. The turn of the millennium was a turning point for Chowking Food Corporation. On January 1, 2000 Chowking became a wholly owned subsidiary of Jollibee Foods Corporation, the largest, most respected restaurant chain in the Philippines. With the merger came numerous changes in Chowking. The change of ownership gave rise to renovations and improvements, beginning with a fresh corporate image made concrete by a brand-new retail identity. This identity manifests itself in almost al l the physical aspects of the store – the logo, faà §ade, layout, dà ©cor, counter, menu board, furniture, equipment and even the staff uniforms. Launched in June 2000, the new corporate look is worn by all new stores, while old stores are undergoing renovation to conform to the new image. All these changes are complemented by front-end and back-end systems designed to ensure cost-efficiency, speed up service and increase customer satisfaction. Hand in hand with the new physical features is the renewed pursuit of high standards in Food, Service and Cleanliness (FSC), the three pillars of the restaurant business. The goal has been still is as fundamental as it is simple: To serve consistently delicious and hot food in five minutes, amid sanitary and clean-smelling surroundings. The acquiring of the Chowking Food Corporation by the Jollibee Foods Corporation it bolsters their individual positions in the Philippine market – Jollibee as the undisputed market leader in the fast-food industry, Chowking as the No.1 Oriental quick-service restaurant chain. Jollibee lends its experience and prestige as the Philippines’ dominant player in the fast-food industry, while Chowking is poised to contribute significantly to the annual system wide sales of the Jollibee group. As they gear up for the challenges ahead, both companies are optimizing the advantages of the merger with synergies aimed at cutting costs and improving efficiency in their stores. 1.4.1 Facts and Figures Usually Chowking is just next to the leading competitors like Jollibee, McDonald’s, KFC, Max’s Restaurant and Pizza Hut. Yet, because of its being  competitive in terms of services, it is on the top 10 in the food industry with the expected annual system – wide sales of almost P12 Billion with a local store network of 400 at yearend of 2010. The strategic alliance between Chowking and Jollibee has proven mutually beneficial to both companies, bolstering their individual positions in the Philippines market – Jollibee as the undisputed market leader in the fast-food industry, Chowking as the country’s No. 1 Oriental Quick – Service restaurant chain. The hard work and vigilance have paid off: Chowking has been logging double – digit growth in system – wide sales since 2001, the fastest in the industry. 1.4.2 Types of restaurants 1.4.3 McDonald’s in the Philippines Chowking have the Commissary in Highland, Muntinlupa City and Sucat, Paraà ±aque City as well as satellite commissaries in Iloilo, Cebu, Cagayan de Oro, Davao, and Pangasinan which supplies the entire raw and processed product in all branches in the Philippines of its food to ensure the freshness and the reliability of its supply. Accessibility of resources is at best because ordered stocks needed come on time. Also if unexpected run out of products they can borrow from nearby branches. 1.5 Wedsite Address www.chowking.com 1.6 Vision-Mission and Values Statement 1.6.1 Vision 1.6.2 Mission Our dream:to be the largest Oriental food chain in the world. Our aim:to satisfy the discriminating needs of our global consumers by serving them consistent, High-quality food products in a friendly, caring atmosphere at prices they can truly afford. 1.6.3 Values (CMITE) CORPORATE VALUES These are the set of beliefs and values shared by the members of the Chowking family that guide us in achieving our mission and vision. These are the way we do things around here. These are the character of our organization. 1. CUSTOMER CARE The customers have preferred us over many competitors. The hard-earned money they spend in our store enables us to buy our food, pay us to earn our living that allows us to buy our food, pay for our rent, send our children to school, buy our medicine, and pay for our other needs. Therefore, they deserve no less than the best from us: our superb FSC, our heartfelt care, warm attention and friendly smiles. 2. INTREGRITY/HONESTY Being honest and true to our words and actions are God-given and invaluable treasures passed on to us by our parents, and which we will pass on to our children. We will live by its principles in our place of work, at home and in all our dealings with others. We may not be rich but can proudly look straight into the eyes of our fellowmen, because of our unblemished integrity. 3. INDUSTRY The only sure way to prosperity and to having access to God’s rich blessings is being industrious. Fate is kind, luck smiles and opportunities abound to the hardworking. 4. COMMITMENT/LOYALTY Chowking is the fountain spring of our livelihood. It is an extension of our home. We will give it our best. We believe that we are not an insignificant component of what makes Chowking great. We will be forever proud of our company and ever vigilant to keep it always number one. 5. RESPECT / TEAMWORK No man is an island. Life lived and shared with others is a meaningful and happy one at all times. As the golden rule states: â€Å"I will do to others as I would like it done to me. 6. CHEERFUL / FUN Having fun – smiling and laughing to our heart’s delight as we work hard in giving our best – keeps us energized and inspired. In all things we do, it never makes us tired or bored. It gives meaning, and even adds healthy years to our lives. 7. PASSION FOR EXCELLENCE We aim for the best. We drive ourselves to be the best. We take every day as a learning experience. We seize all opportunities to improve our skills, increase our knowledge, and be better persons today than we were yesterday.

Is There a Gay Gene Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Is There a Gay Gene - Essay Example J. Kallman's and W. W. Schlegel's findings in the 1940s showed that twins had a 100 percent concordance rate for homosexual orientation, where concordance is defined as the level of similarity existing for different characteristics. Although the results seemed overwhelmingly high, they laid the base for further studies. In 1991, J. Michael Bailey and Richard C. Pillard conducted a similar experiment comparing identical twins, fraternal twins, and nongenetically related adopted brothers. The genetics of sexual orientation are not quite so straightforward, but there is no doubt that becoming gay is influenced by a genetic predisposition. In one study, it was reported that 52% of monozygotic twins of gay men were also gay, but this figure dropped to 22% for dizygotic twins. (1) Dr. Hamer in 1991 from the Department of Biochemistry at the national Institute of Health began a study - possible genetic natire of homosexuality. He chose to study markers on the X chromosome because there was already evidence for a preponderance of gay men on the maternal side of families. Hamer hypothesized the different ways that a genetic disorder could be expressed in a person. He began theorizing around both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritances, but realized neither could work. For the gay gene to be autosomal dominant, 50% of the children of a family would be homosexual, and while this fact was true with some of his volunteers, there were not sufficient amounts of data to validate the hypothesis. An autosomal recessive inheritance would result in 25% of the children to be homosexual, another fact that was not easily supported. Hamer's breakthrough came during the interview of one of his volunteers; the volunteer suggested that the gene could be hidden on one of the sex chromosomes. Hamer continued his probing and research. After mapping out family trees, he collected DNA samples from his volunteers and their mothers, making extra samples and storing them for later analysis. (2)As a trial run, he began to test markers on the X chromosomes of the samples of blood from the gay volunteers. Using sib-pairs, a way of telling if brothers are concordant (sharing the same X chromosome from their mother) or discordant (one child inheriting one X chromosome from their mother, and the other child inheriting the second X chromosome), Hamer quickly learned that most of the gay brothers were concordant, therefore making it highly possible that a genetic link could be found. He began testing in random clusters, focusing around the region Xq28 (X for the chromosome, q for the arm, and 28 for the position on the arm). Researchers say it's the first time the entire human genetic makeup has been scanned in search of possible genetic determinants of male sexual orientation. The results suggest that several genetic regions may influence homosexuality. Identical twins, for instance, share the same set of chromosomal patterns. Therefore, if one twin's DNA has a homosexual genetic trait, then it is inevitable that both twins will be homosexuals. However, that is not the case with all twins. When one twin is homosexual, the probability of the other identical twin being homosexual is 50 percent. Thus, the "gay"-gene theory

Freedom of speech should have a limitation or not Essay

Freedom of speech should have a limitation or not - Essay Example In modern age of great communication, when the power of information increases from day to day, a government should have no control upon such a global historical process. To provide a limitation on freedom of speech in modern conditions would be both despotic and unnatural decision. Freedom of speech takes its origin from human nature. Humans are social beings and used to share information since time out of mind. Was it a warring call about a danger, or a process of expression own thoughts and feelings, but humankind learned to speak, invented languages, arts and signs, - all with the same goal, to convey information to others. There was and is, and will be a human desire and need to speak freely to other humans. Humankind already has spent millenniums developing a wider system of communication, from sending a messenger to sending a digital message in any part of the world, and when taking a look on a global modern trend, the sphere of communication only increases its development. Apparently, knowing this human natural need of communication and to prevent the injustice of previous years, in 1948 the right of a free speech was recognized on a law level within Article 19 of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights proclaimed by General Assembly of United Nations. â€Å"Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers† (The Universal Declaration of Human Rights). The Declaration proclaims universal laws and rights for every human being, despite a race, religious and other differences, and nowadays it serves as a basic for every constitution of United Nations country members. Therefore, despite a particular state may specify own laws and rights on freedom of speech, they should correspond to ones

SCIENCE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SCIENCE - Essay Example ers to understand the process and existence of life and a discussion of these two ideas is important for any student of history, biology or the life sciences in general. As reported by Johnstone (1930), in matters of historical positioning, vitalism and materialism are not very different from each other. He says that, â€Å"During the last three centuries, biology has exhibited alternating phases of materialism and vitalism. Materialism when, under the stimuli of progress in physical science, it made great advances, and vitalism when, those stimuli being exhausted, it marked time (Johnstone, 1930, pp. 631)†. However, despite the drifting nature of how life was seen by biologist, the particular understanding of the two viewpoints changed very little. For example, vitalism is defined as a doctrine that suggest that all functions of a living being are due to a vital principle that is different and separate from the physiochemical forces that are present in the organism. Life itself is seen as a vital spark which creates energy with the body. Of course the religious leaning within this doctrine is easy to deduce since the vital spark of the body can be easily considered the soul of the person or animal that departs the body once the organism is dead. The idea of vitalism was played down in historical terms when things such as germ theory and the idea of different bodily systems and organs performing different and independent functions were understood by scientists. Life could now be taken to be connected to chemical and biological processes that once understood in chemical terms reduced the need to be dependant on the mystical idea of a vital spark in the human body. However, the deeper questions of how life itself can be maintained still needed help in certain areas from a vitalism perspective because the full explanation of what life is and how living things can be said to be living was still lacking. On the other hand, materialism considers life to be a product

Implications of Chinas Charm Offensive for the Sino-Venezuelan Research Paper

Implications of Chinas Charm Offensive for the Sino-Venezuelan Relations and the World Powers Energy Security - Research Paper Example From a conservative geopolitical perspective, Latin America and China are isolated from each other and appear improbable allies. After the establishment of New China in 1949, Latin America and China largely engaged in people-to-people transactions without conducting formal diplomatic affairs. Then again, the 1970s is described by reconciliation in Sino-American relations and the re-admission of China into the United Nations, which witnessed China start building diplomatic relations with most nations in Latin America (Locatelli, 2011). Since 1978, China enforced a strategy of opening up and restructuring, which involved the country conducting major policy reforms toward Latin America and stressing trade and economic partnership with this region. In the recent years, the developing economy of China and fast growing power in the global arena has become ever more appealing to countries of Latin America, which view Beijing as a major site for the expansion of their foreign economic and po litical ties. The strategic features of China’s diplomatic relations with Latin America have involved building strategic ties with Peru, Argentina, Mexico, Brazil, and Venezuela (Locatelli, 2011). Latin America has a big market and rich resources, and the region has eventually evolved into a foundation for global development. Particularly, Latin American countries have turned out to be strategically vital to China, both in political and economic terms. China’s policy toward Latin America is rooted in the relative advantage theory—its objective is to gain access to natural resources or raw materials for domestic economic development, as well as...Although the emphasis of China’s policies over the recent decades has been on national economic rebuilding and development, China’s foreign policy has fulfilled a considerably vital part in building and sustaining an international setting. China’s ‘charm offensive’ or peaceful and positi ve relations with other nations and its status in the global system are very beneficial for attaining its policy goals. China’s vision of global amity is both an objective in itself and a way to attain its goal of economic progress and nonviolent emergence as a world power. Without a largely harmonious and established global structure, China’s economic growth would have been impossible (Kurlantzick, 2007). Hence, China’s national economic rebuilding and foreign policy are strongly interwoven with each other. Basically, China’s foreign policy is obliged to serve its entire economic program, and its rising economic power has allowed China to become more involved and influential in the arena of international relations. However, China’s relationship with Venezuela and its security policy toward the oil-producing Latin American country are, according to numerous scholars and policymakers, a threat to the United States. China and Venezuela openly declare their ambition of curtailing U.S. hegemony, and has made steps to create a multipolar world where the global power of the United States would be weakened. At this point, even with China’s charm offensive policy, it is very difficult to determine whether or not the other world powers should be wary about China’s growth as an economic, political, and military power.

Strategic planning and development ( tourism perspective) Essay

Strategic planning and development ( tourism perspective) - Essay Example The company’s operations diversify in two broad categories of renewable energy and sustainable technology. Thereby the company requires abiding by the ethical issues with great concern in order to attain the efficacy of its operations. Masdar, in this regard, functions through five incorporated divisions such as the graduate university which primarily focuses on researches related to the renewable energy production and other components of the sustainable technologies industry. It is noteworthy that the company, being controlled by the Abu Dhabi government, has noticeably confirmed its position as a catalyst to accelerate the economic diversification of the country (Masdar, n.d.). 2. Purpose of the Organization The organization, being associated with the renewable energy and sustainable technologies industry, must abide by the issues related to the environmental aspects of the economy such as the natural resources, the socio-cultural factors and others. Considering the fact it can be stated that the purpose of the organization is highly depended on the industrial growth and its future prospect. In this milieu, the vision and mission statements of the company focus on the overall development of the economy in the global perspective in terms of knowledge, implementation and expansion of the renewable energy and sustainable technologies industry (Masdar, n.d.). Apart from these, the company also aims to contribute to the economic diversification through the expansion of its export base, stimulating entrepreneurship in the private-sector, investing in educational and research initiatives in order to encourage innovative ideas, generate skilled knowledge workers and others. The key purpose of the company also includes increasing the economy’s non-oil share in the global market. With this purpose, the company is concentrated on the prioritized sectors of the economy such as media, tourism, transportation & logistics and aviation & aerospace (Masdar, n.d. ). 3. Identified Problem of the Company and the Opportunity of the Strategic Plan The core values of Masdar have been defined by emphasizing on various attributes active in its micro and macro environment, such as the organizational objectives and the nature of the industry. These values demonstrate one of the major problems of the company, i.e. to market the clean technology products as commercially viable in order to reward a swift and sustainable growth to the economy (Masdar, n.d.). Therefore, the strategic plan that is to be illustrated in this paper is aimed to the purpose of the organization with a significant concern on the challenging factors most likely to be witnessed by the company. In this regard, the planning will be based upon the travel and tourism sector of the economy. It is basically due to the fact that the travel and tourism industry in the current phenomenon is highly prioritized by the economy. Additionally, the growth prospect of the industry is termed to be substantial in the near future which can ensure a sustainable growth to the company in marketing its products. Furthermore, the industry is recorded to grow with rapidity with an increased demand of technology which again enhances the growth perspective of the company and the economy at large. Hence, the plan shall reward the company with opportunities related to its expansion and the growth of the economy in the near future. 4. Goals of the Plan To be precise, the

THE DIFFICULTIES IN RECRUITING, TRAINING, MOTIVATING AND REWARDING Essay

THE DIFFICULTIES IN RECRUITING, TRAINING, MOTIVATING AND REWARDING STAFF IN A GIVEN FINANCIAL SERVICES COMPANY - Essay Example ensures that the employees are as enthusiastic about the business and they are devoted towards their organization. Involving employees in taking decision for the company and their opinion for making improvement leads company to success. If top management involves their employees in company's affairs, they will feel recognition and self respect and they will perform even better. It also helps in building trust and motivates employees. Bonuses or reward can also be a good and effective way to encourage and motivate employees. Through this process, they will get to know that, they are performing well in the organization and they are beneficial for the company as well. Bonus must be designed in such a way that people or employees understand that there is no payment in terms of bonus unless the company gets the profit and also exceeds the level of profitability. Bonus and reward is also based on team's success and the individual's performance. Feedback is also an important factor in HRM process. If an employee or a person is performing well, he will participate to enhance or Increase Company's productivity. He/she will be appreciated for this and should be recognized for his/her work in a positive and in effective way. Evaluation of the performance should be taken fairly. There is a need to develop a performance evaluation system which focuses on individual performance. Self rating as a part of evaluation process encourages or empowers employees. Evaluation becomes fairer if it is based on the records of and achievements of the employee. HRM practice and policies provide several good and effective ways of organizing and managing organization's functions. It also gives or provides help to develop effective strategies for making the company or organization more productive and successful. Employees play a lead role in any organization, so the polices and practices regarding employee or human resource should be followed effectively and in a good manner. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR Organizational behavior is the body of knowledge which describes, analyzes and explains how organization influences the behavior of the members or employees and how they respond to the performance and ecology/culture of the organization or environment. Organizational behavior focuses on several functions and process of organization such as recruiting, rewarding, compensation, motivation etc; it also focuses the problems and difficulties of the organization. DIFFICULTIES IN RECRUITING, TRANING, MOTIVATING AND REWARDING STAFF IN DAVENHAM GROUP (Finance Company in UK) Davenham Group is a leading specialist, commercial finance company performing its functions in UK. Established in 1991 and divided into

HCG Diet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

HCG Diet - Essay Example It has been said that the diet actually helps people to understand the consumption of food and why it is important to only consume proportion sizes. HCG is what women produce in the placenta during pregnancy" HCG - Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is a glycoprotein hormone produced during pregnancy by the developing embryo soon after conception and later by the syncytiotrophoblast (part of the placenta). HCG synthesis is the indicator of the conception of pregnancy. But with the innovation in the field of medical science this hormone is now being exploited as a diet substitute for promoting weight loss (The HCG Diet). The primary role of HCG hormone is to prevent the dissolution of the corpus luteum of the ovary and by this means it maintains progesterone production that is critical for a pregnancy in humans. Biochemical analysis depicts that HCG also show added functions; it affects the immune tolerance of the pregnancy. Apart from being an indicator to ensure the pregnancy during the early stages of conception, HCG is also produced by some kinds of tumor. This makes it an important tumor marker (The HCG Diet). The basic function of HCG is to keep the blood stream filled with nutrients which the fetus can consume throughout the gestation. This function is exploited to make HCG Diet. Individuals (both men and women) who are injecting HCG are also allowing the blood stream to be filled with nutrients taken from the reserved fat. It is for this reason HCG diet is recommended to obese individuals. It effectively drops the personal calorie s to around 500 calories (The HCG Diet). Thus, as soon as HCG is injected the body derives its nutrient requirements not from the nutritional diet but from the already existing fat reservoir. This reserved fat burns out to provide ATP molecules and hence the energy. It is therefore manifested that the HCG diet allows dieters to drop 1-2 lbs per day. These injections aid in weight reduction by reducing hunger, and affecting mood (The HCG Diet). How does it work HCG Low-dose human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) present in both men and women with the highest level of HCG in pregnant woman. Under normal conditions, HCG is given to female requiring help in ovulating and to men who require an increase in sperm count. Synthetically available or extracts of HCG are made available by extracting the hormone from the urine of a pregnant women. Supporters of HCG Diet are of firm belief that by adhering to the diet plan and taking daily injections of HCG, required or targeted reduced weight can be achieved. This is followed by eating plan with 500 calories (How does it work). Along with HCG Diet, the diet encompasses not more than 500 calories, more water, vegetables and fiber in the daily meal plan. This is known to make the reduction in weight at a faster pace and that too without any exercise. The Diet also has restrictions on consumption of tea and coffee apart from only 100 gm of diet intake in lunch and also in dinner. The diet encompass, lean meat or sea food, paired with one vegetable, asparagus, beet greens, cabbage, celery, chard, chicory, cucumbers, fennel, green salad, onions, red radishes, spinach and tomatoes.(). HCG injections with the prescribed diet ensure weight loss (How does it

Poverty in Texas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Poverty in Texas - Essay Example One such example is of Texas which is under the territory of United States of America. It is analyzed that around 3.8 million people living in Texas were below the poverty line specified by the government in 2006. And if the previous records are analyzed it can be said that the rate of poverty is going to increase further in the recent years (Center for Public Policy Priorities 2008). Â  Texas is the second largest state in the United States of America with an area of at least 697,200 km square. The state has an old history relating to civil unrest and wars and got independence in 1836. However, it got included in the territory of the United States later in 1861. Since then the state of Texas has been suffering from the problem of poverty. The nineteenth century can be marked as a difficult era for the state of Texas as major developments made in the region attracted the population towards the state. This made the state undergo a more financial crisis. This essay would further discuss the changes in the rate of poverty in accordance with the nineteenth century. Â  The early nineteenth century marked a development era for the state of Texas and only in this era was natural resources found in the state. In 1901 the first Oilwell was found in the state of Texas and this developed the state further. ... Â  The poverty rate by the 1920s was stabilized; however, after the great depression in 1929 things began to change again for the residents of Texas. As the Texan economy was recovering from the blow of Great Depression another disaster struck the state which is known as Dust Bowl which took place in the 1930s. This forced many of the residents living in Texas to move further towards other parts of America to survive. The new president took notice of the disasters after getting elected in 1933 and sought out deals to revive the economy. President Roosevelt provided the poor and displaced people with incentives and tried to stabilize the economy once again. The poverty rate in the state of Texas once again had stabilized as many people left the state after the disasters looking for better options. However, on the contrary, many immigrants also entered the densely populated area of Texas to look for a way to survive and this created difficulties for the state of Texas. The problem of poverty rose up to a certain level that it was once again taken into notice by the government in the 1950s and 1960s. Poverty in the United States at that time was defined as the relative income which a family would need to attain certain necessities of life in order to survive. The people who suffered poverty in the 1960s could not afford proper health and educational facilities in the state and these people were usually counted in the group of the poor ones.

Compare how death is presented in three poems in the Anthology Essay Example for Free

Compare how death is presented in three poems in the Anthology Essay The three poems Remember by Christina Rossetti, Plena Timoris by Thomas Hardy and Refugee Mother and Child by Chinua Achebe all portray death in different ways. Rossetti explores the acceptance of death, whereas, in Refugee Mother and Child we see the unwavering love the mother has for the child. In the poem Plena Timoris the persona recalls how love can be so extreme that could lead to despair and death. What I found intriguing about these poems was how love could be both a dangerous and positive force towards the subject of death. Love could drive a person to their grave but also love could be the will for a person to stay strong and never giving up. Christina Rossetti a devote Anglican to whom church and family were paramount. It is known that two marriage proposals which did not live up to her religious fervour therefore she turned them down. Because of her religion Rossetti appears to have been obsessed with her own pending death in this poem. Her belief was that death was the ultimate goal for everyone, and because of such she very much planned her own pending death. The structure of this poem was in a Pertrachan Italian sonnet form. In this form poems are meant to be very structured and are need of following a strict rhyme scheme. However there was a change in rhyme scheme between the octet and sestet. In the octet the phrase â€Å"Remember me† was mentioned three times, but a sudden change was then noticed, as in the sestet â€Å"Forget me† was repeated twice. This change is used to suggest the possibility of forgetting and being happy rather having instructions to remember. This could show even before her death she was still doubtful between secular love and materialistic love. Chinua Achebe is a proud Nigerian who observed the civil war in his country and horrific suffering of the innocent refugees. In Refugee Mother and Child he relates the sadness of death between a child and a mother by writing in free verse. The line length of the whole entire poem was three lines. In the first stanza there is only one sentence, and in the last stanza two sentences were present. These long sentence increases the intensity on the images and also the enjambment suggests the suffering of these innocent refugees. Plena Timoris is set within the conservative morality of Victorian England where women had a subordinate and dependent position in a male patriarchal world. Hardy uses different tones throughout the poem to evoke how he thinks about love. He sees love in a very cynical view and is making an effort in portraying love is not everlasting but tragic and indecisive. In the first stanza the use of alliteration in â€Å"the lovers looked over† emphasizes love was lyrical and a harmony of life by the â€Å"l† sound produced. But in the second stanza onwards there was a sudden transition and the change of tone was turned emotionless and insensitive. From the phrase, â€Å"There’s a woman in the canal below† there is a sense of bluntness and matter of fact to it. This sudden contrast of tones between the stanzas just enforces how Hardy thinks about love. The rhyme scheme of this poem does not change, the structure is: â€Å"abbab, cddcd†. It is in a strict and orderly fashioned. This rhyme scheme reflects how Hardy feels abut love and death. That love would have happy times but at the end it will just lead to despair. Also by having such a strict rhyme scheme it also suggest how Hardy views women opinion in love. As this structure is so old fashioned it provides a kind of security and how the future is being set. This may be very well how women in the male patriarchal world viewed love therefore he viewed love in such a cynical way. In the poem Remember, Rossetti portrays death as an eternal and a beautiful thing, instead of fearing death like the other two poems. The persona appears to have been planning and waiting for her own pending death. Rossetti uses strong imagery to reveal about how she feels about death. The opening two lines of this sonnet â€Å"Remember me when I am gone away, Gone far away into the silent land† gives an idea of how she hints that she is dying. The phrase â€Å"silent land† could be translated as a cemetery or individual grave. It can also be seen as a metaphor as the phrase also suggests calm after life. All these techniques used by Rossetti could be seen that she is using euphemism to make death sound less harsh, and instead it is a goal that should be achieved by everyone. Whereas in the poem Refugee Mother and Child, Achebe reflects the sadness of death by creating a tragic atmosphere. This poem does so by introducing shocking images and strong words. In this poem it is full of pathos; it is a very emotional poem. The alliteration used in: â€Å"struggling in labored steps behind blown empty bellies† evokes a sense of harshness, as the â€Å"b† sound which is constantly repeated makes a very plosive sound. The juxtaposition used in â€Å"the rust – colored hair left on his skull† emphasizes how horrific death is towards the child. Not only is this phrase very descriptive but it also seems to describe the layers of death. It is very photo journalistic which makes the atmosphere very tragic and grave. In Plena Timoris death is conveyed in the strong imagery created by Hardy. The negative imagery in â€Å"And her arm dropt† symbolizes how because the woman in the poem sees love could lead to death it is in fear of it, therefore there is a loss of affection towards the man. The alliteration in â€Å"dim dreads† and â€Å"slowly sees† portrays a sense of insecurity coming from the woman. As she slowly sees how extreme love could lead the despair and death. Lastly, the phrase â€Å"till an arm upbore† in stanza two is a horrifying image. The word upbore gives a sense of death and the whole phrase conveys a sense of fear towards the subject death as it is being described as horror and terror. In Remember the poem creates a huge impact on readers. It is a poem which is very memorable. This is because Rossetti describes death in a very different way than most poets therefore standing out from the other poems. The repetition in this poem emphasizes the point of her point of view and the confusion between her religion and materialistic love. The phrases â€Å"Remember me† and â€Å"Forget me† was repeated a number of times and because of such it plays a great role in the poem. As it gives an impression on how Rossetti is judging between her church and her religious fervor. The strong descriptive imagery in the poem Refugee Mother and Child and the choices of word Achebe chooses makes this poem have a very strong impact on the reader. The beginning of the poem where allusion is used in: â€Å"No Madonna and Child could touch† by referring to a famous painting of Jesus and Mother Mary, emphasizes the point of love between the bonds of the mother and child very strongly. Also the strong imagery in â€Å"her eyes the ghost of a mother’s pride† gives an impression of how the mother is hanging onto the child’s life and as the child dies something inside the mother is dying too. These strong images are used often in Achebe’s poem, and because of such his poem have a strong impact on readers and this poem is very memorable. In Hardy’s poem it was very effective as the negative poetic techniques he uses describes about love in a very vivid and strong, also Plena Timoris gives an impact to readers because it shows very clearly the differences between love and death. The juxtaposition in† till hopeless despair began† gives a contrast between hope. By this phrase love is being described very negatively, and because of this the poem is very vivid in the readers mind. Also in the phrase â€Å"the girl’s heart shuddered; it seemed as to free her†. The semi colon used in this phrase is an intended pause to emphasize the sense of the women’s heart actually shuddering. Plena Timoris creates a strong impact on readers as the descriptive words he chooses allows the reader to imagine clearly what is happening. Personally I liked Refugee Mother and Child the most because Achebe boldly states that the human spirit and dignity of the Nigerian mother and the love she has for the child is greater than anything comparable in the Christian world. Though Hardy’s and Rossetti’s poem was not unforgettable pieces of work, I think Achebe’s is the better one because his comparisons stood out more than the ones Hardy had. Also the imagery he had and alliteration was stronger than Rossetti’s. By reading Achebe’s poem I felt and sympathized for the mother and child, and I thought the poets point was put forward very clearly on love and how strong it can be.

Globalization And Impact Of Mcdonalds Globalization Commerce Essay

Globalization And Impact Of Mcdonalds Globalization Commerce Essay In the irreversible tide of globalization, whether developed countries or developing countries, regardless of whether it is willing, have consciously or unconsciously integrated into the process, or they will lose living space. Certain culture is linked to a certain level of economic development. Economic globalization is bound to have profound effects on global culture, so all kinds of culture are undergoing great changes under the great driving force of economic globalization. Culture has a lot to with the contemporary way of life, so globalization has a great impact on the consumers (David, 1996). In the process of globalization, many enterprises embark on a path from Localization to globalization, and McDonalds is just the example that plays an important part in the fast-food business in the world. McDonalds has made a great success in the international arena since its inception, and it has left a deep impression on the mind of many consumers. Now McDonalds is not just a restaura nt, but also a cultural symbol, which has an impact on consumers. McDonalds has implemented a series of marketing strategies in order to adapt to the cultural environment of other countries, and this changes also affect the local consumers. Now McDonalds has become a global icon, and it affects the lifestyle of people worldwide. This article mainly includes two parts: the first part focuses on human consequences of globalization, and the second section is primarily about McDonalds globalization and the impact on consumers. 2, human consequences of globalization Globalization is a new phenomenon becoming increasingly apparent since 1980s, and it is the basic characteristics of our times (Steger, 2003). Globalization is a process, which refers to the flow of material and spiritual products break the shackles of regional and national boundaries, affecting every corner of life on Earth. Globalization also includes cross-border movement of personnel. The flow of human is the highest level of comprehensive between material and spiritual movement. In the process of globalization, the most obvious feature is economic globalization. Globalization has a great impact on human, and the influence is increasing with time going on. Correctly understanding and properly dealing with globalization is conducive to promote economic development and progress of human civilization. Just as every coin has two sides, globalization also has two different effects on human. Globalization has gone far beyond the economic field and is producing a wide range of influence on the international political, security, social and cultural fields. The positive effects of globalization are as follows: the first aspect is on promoting the development of innovation. Globalization promotes the global optimal allocation of production, resources, personnel, trade, investment and finance, which reduces costs and improves efficiency. If countries would like to explore advanced development model, they must consider the factors of globalization and make use of the opportunities of globalization. The second aspect focuses on promoting the rational allocation of resources. Globalization can reasonably allocate the worldwide Capital, technology, products, markets, resources and labor. Globalization has accelerated the free flow of production factors in the worldwide and formed a unified gl obal market, which promote the globalization of multinational operations and restructuring of global industry, and maximize the optimal allocation of resources. The third aspect is primarily about boosting human civilization. Based on globalization, global issues, global interests and global governance, human may form new common values of human and new human civilization, which can break the Wests leading role of human civilization and achieve a higher surpass than Western civilization. When seeing the positive effects of globalization, at the same time, the gradual accumulation of its negative effect can not be ignored (Stiglitz, 2003). The first aspect is about instability of the world economy. Globalization strengthens the instability of the world economy, which is adverse for countries to make a development. The relationship between national economies and the world economy is becoming more closely under globalization. Each countrys economic stability will depend not only on thei r domestic factors, to a greater extent by the tremendous impact of international factors. Fierce competition and economic instability increase the difficulty of developing the national economy. The second aspect is on global economic crisis. With the increasing close of the global economic chain, it has a big possibility that a sharp rise in energy prices, serious financial order out of control, obviously big countrys economic recession may cause the global economic recession. 3, McDonalds globalization and the impact on consumers 3.1 McDonalds globalization McDonalds corporate headquarter is located in the Illinois of United States, which is an international company of possessing multi-billion dollar. Now McDonalds has become one of the largest fast food chains in the world. Since the McDonald brothers and Ray Kroc, the founders of McDonalds opened its first restaurant in the Illinois of United States, McDonalds has established more than 30,000 restaurants, located in over 120 countries and the regions around the world, and its worldwide turnover is about 10.49 billion dollars ¼Ã‹â€ Ritzer, 2006 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °. McDonalds is developing at a rapid speed, and McDonalds represents an American way of life in many countries. McDonalds sales firmly carbonated drinks that Coca-Cola Company offers, McDonalds and Coca-Cola Company practically form strategic alliances. McDonalds around the world make appropriate adjustments and try to be in accordance with the tastes of local people. In addition, McDonalds now controls some other restaurant brands, such as Aroma Cafà ©, and Donatos Pizza. In 2008, McDonalds total revenue reached 23.5 billion U.S. dollars, net profit of 4.3 billion U.S. dollars. Ronald McDonald as one of the McDonalds signs, a symbol of harmony and friendliness, represents that McDonalds will always be your friend and community member. McDonalds is ready every now and then for children and communitys development to devote its strengths. Childrens Charity Foundation of Ronald McDonald was established in 1984, and the organization has donated more than 5 million U.S. dollars to help the children around the world. McDonalds has made a great success on a global scale. Over half of McDonalds restaurants are located overseas, which is the globalization strategies of McDonalds. McDonalds restaurants can be discovered in 118 countries and regions around the world, serving 50 million consumers everyday (Alfino, 1998). McDonalds has opened 100 new restaurants in China a year, and meanwhile, McDonalds has accomplished it s goal of 1000 new restaurants by the opening of the 2008 Beijing Olympics, which are all the certification of McDonalds globalization. The founders of McDonalds have never anticipated that their ambition has so astounding influence. The influential development of McDonalds has an impact not only on the fast-food industry, but also on the contemporary way of life, and the impact is likely to accelerate in the early 21st century. 3.2 McDonalds impact on consumers Just as globalization has two different aspects of effects on human beings, in the process of McDonalds globalization, McDonalds impacts on consumers are also different, including positive effect and negative impact. Ronald McDonald is McDonalds Chief Happiness Officer, and he has lasted for about 50 years. Previously, children, youth, parents and other market segments were familiar with amiable Ronald McDonald, who was a good brand ambassador. McDonalds corporate culture is a kind of family-happy culture, which emphasizes its influences of happy culture. Duo to its huge influences, McDonalds has an impact on eating habits of consumers. MacDonalds has three characteristics: quick, cheap and widely accepted by the public. But the feature of fast has actually changed. Fast food restaurants have changed into the conveniently leisure and recreation area, so the function has changed (Schlosser, 2002). Now the restaurants have turned into the celebration ceremony, the premises of reading and writing, birthday party places, and leisure venue for chatting. From the feature of cheap, most people only occasionally patronize, which explains that the food is not real cheap. From a deeper level, the significance of McDonalds as a symbol of American culture is more obvious than as a symbol of fast food. McDonalds has become a cultural ambassador and make more people understand American culture. The meal price of McDonalds between species has little difference, so does the consumption level and the services provided. Warm dining environment and good services attract many kinds of social groups, and McDonalds is showing a different image in all kinds of peoples minds. All kinds of people with different needs and life experience see the same thing, and their feelings also are different (Tomlinson, 1999). They grasp a point of McDonalds culture from their own perspective. McDonalds have taken a wide range of measures in the business strategy, in order to meet all levels of society and people of all ages, such as facilitates for young lovers as the Valentines corner and Childrens Paradise. And the staffs are dressed up as McDonalds uncle, aunt, and play with children. Many children are fond of the food of McDonalds and they want to patronize McDonald as often as they can. Though many young lovers may do not like the food, they also want to go to McDonalds, because the environment of McDonalds is good (Ritzer, 1996). No matter McDonalds marketing idea and McDonalds business philosophy, are all established to attract more customers, and McDonalds has more and more huge impact on eating habits of consumers. When McDonalds affect the eating habits of consumers, it also shock the culture of different countries. In the context of globalization, different cultures around the world communicate, permeate, collide and merge with each other. No strong cultural is not a real power. If countries want to become a power, they should prevent its own culture from cultural erosion. In the process of McDonalds globalization, McDonalds has a great impact on local culture, which may cause cultural erosion for residents. McDonalds transforms its marketing strategies into pursuing cool, excitement, and adventure, which has a great attraction by the young family (Paul, 1997). Young family is lack of judgment ability, and McDonalds culture may cause them making a mistake. The themes of cool, on your own decision, playing my game are very popular among young people, due to the influences of McDonalds, and these themes may have a violation comparing with local culture. For example, as long as customers shout I m lovein it at the waiter, they will be able to receive a cylindrical ice cream. Such activities are very popular with aggressive young people. Some students think that these activities are very fresh and interesting. All these may affect the native culture to some extent. Meanwhile, McDonalds have an impact on the contemporary way of life. Many children like the food of McDonalds and they want to patronize McDonald as often as they can. Some of them want to go to McDonalds and eat its food everyday, and the food of McDonalds becomes their main food. Nowadays, McDonalds has become the symbol of fashion and adventure. Some young people regard going to McDonalds as a fashion and adventure, which can demonstrate that they are the younger generation. In addition, McDonalds supplies fast food for consumers, which may affect the pace of life. Consumers tend to eat food quickly, and change their previous dietary habits. 4, conclusion Globalization has a great impact on human worldwide, and its impacts can be demonstrated from two aspects: positive impact and negative impact. Its positive impact refers to promoting the development of innovation, promoting the rational allocation of resources and boosting human civilization. Its negative impact focuses on instability of the world economy and global economic crisis. Generally speaking, globalizations positive impact on human beings outweighs its negative impact. Human beings should seize the opportunities of globalization and salute its threats, in order to make a long-term development. Globalization can be understood well by the process of McDonalds globalization (Featherstone, 1991). McDonalds can bring enjoyment for consumers, while it also affects eating habits of consumers, causes cultural erosion and has an impact on contemporary way of life. Globalization is an irresistible trend, and Globalization can give a beneficial effects on consumers as well as adverse effects. So consumers should make full use of its beneficial effects and resist its adverse effects in the process of globalization.

The effects of positive illusions on relationship quality

The effects of positive illusions on relationship quality A general presumption in the study of interpersonal relationships is that closeness is a significant, desired, and necessary characteristic of relationship satisfaction (Berscheid, Snyder, Omoto, 1989). According to Berscheid et al. (1989) partners physical proximity is a requirement for closeness and relationship satisfaction. However there is mixed evidence regarding reported levels of satisfaction in relationships where partners are physically separate (i.e. long distance romantic relationships, LDRRs). Because partners in LDRRs presumably have less face-to-face (FtF) interaction than partners in close proximal romantic relationships (CPRRs), the literature infers that partners in LDRRs should report lower levels of satisfaction than partners in CPRRs. Indeed, some research suggests that partners in LDRRs report lower levels of satisfaction than partners in CPRRs (Van Horn, Arnone, Nesbitt, Desilets, Sears, Giffin, Brudi, 1997). Counterintuitively, Guldner and Swenson (1995) fou nd no differences in levels of satisfaction, intimacy and trust between LDRRs and CPRRs. Limited amounts of research addresses these divergent findings with regards to relationship quality measures (i.e. satisfaction, optimism, intimacy) in LDRRs and CPRRs. The present research suggests that positive illusions, defined broadly as motivated cognitive construal processes, help to elucidate these conflicting findings. Recent research shows that positive illusions are more apparent in LDRRs than in CPRRs (Stafford Merolla, 2007). Because Murray, Holmes, and Griffin (1996a) propose that positive illusions decrease relational uncertainty, the present study suggests that partners in LDRRs use positive illusions more than partners in CDRRs because their lack of FtF interaction heightens relationship uncertainty. Positive Illusions According to Murray, Holmes, and Griffin (1996b pp), positive illusions are qualities that people see in their partners that their partners do not see in themselves. They are the result of motivated cognitive processes whereby people exaggerate the qualities and traits of their partner and understate their weaknesses in the face of relationship doubt and uncertainty (Murray et al. 1996a). Murray, Holmes, and Griffin (1996a) argue that people develop positive illusions of their romantic partners organically through the development of their relationship. They claim that developing romantic relationships are replete with uncertainty. In the beginning of a relationship, people are learning to understand and predict their partners behavior. In order to maintain security in and certainty of the relationship, people adjust their cognitions about their partner, focusing on their virtues. Building on past literature regarding self-fulfilling effects of perceptions, they argue that by focusing on the positive aspects of their partner, people will tend to have positive interactions with their partner that contribute to a favorable view of their partner as the right person (e.g. Snyder, Tanke, Berscheid, 1977). As relationships develop, partners become more interdependent and their investments increase (e.g., Levinger, 1983). Furthermore, over time, partners become more aware of each others inherent shortcomings threatening their beliefs and idealizations that their partner is the right person. According to Murray and colleagues (1996a), as these realities grow more apparent, people become motivated to maintain confidence in their relationship and their partner provoking the idealization process. Research has shown that positive illusions have self-fulfilling effects. Specifically, intimates who idealize their partner experience greater decreases in relationship doubt and relationship conflict as well as greater increases in relationship satisfaction than intimates who do not idealize their partners (Murray et al., 1996a, 1996b). Murray and Holmes (1997) found that partners in both dating and married relationships who idealized each other experienced greater love, greater trust and less ambivalence in their relationships than those intimates who did not idealize each other. In a longitudinal follow-up study the authors found that among dating couples, those people that held stronger illusions about their partner (i.e. more idealistic perceptions of their partner) initially were less likely to terminate the relationship than those individuals who held less idealistic illusions about their partners. Given that positive illusions fend off relational uncertainty (Murray et al., 1996a), the present research will examine whether associations between relational uncertainty and positive illusions are moderated by relationship type (i.e. LDRRs vs. CPRRs). Specifically, this study will address whether relationships marked by greater uncertainty (i.e. LDRRs) are likely to engender the use of positive illusions. Recent research suggests that couples in LDRRs are more likely to use positive illusions than couples in CPRRs (Stafford Merolla, 2007). They suggest a possible reason for this phenomenon. Idealizations stem from a lack of FtF interaction, a hallmark of LDRRs. Indeed they found that idealizations in LDRRs were a) more apparent than in CPRRs, b) related to a lack of FtF communication, and c) related to increased optimism about the future of the relationship. Although initial evidence supports the idea that positive illusions are used as a way to cope with the lack of FtF interaction in LDRRs, there are a number of limitations that need to be addressed (small sample size, possibility of other mediated channels of communication). Future research should address these limitations and offer alternative explanations for why positive illusions are more apparent in LDRRs than in CPRRs. This is because the divergences between the two relationship types are presumably not limited to quantity of FtF interaction, but having substantive qualitative differences Because Murray, et al. (1996a) suggests that positive illusions decrease relational uncertainty, the present study suggests that partners in LDRRs use positive illusions more than partners in CDRRs because they face greater relational uncertainty. Supporting this idea, Sahlstein (2004) interviewed partners in LDRRs and found that approximately 12% of couples interviewed reported that time apart creates uncertainty and unknowns because partners are not sharing experiences. In addition, Sahlstein (1996) found that partners in LDRRs and CPRRs who were more certain of interaction rituals (i.e., interaction that occurs in a fixed manner at a fixed time) were more likely to report higher relationship satisfaction than partners who were not certain of interaction rituals. Relational Uncertainty According to Knobloch and Solomon (2002b), romantic relationships are prime contexts for experiencing uncertainty. Relational uncertainty is the degree of confidence that people have in their perceptions of involvement within interpersonal associations (Knobloch Solomon, 1999).There are three main sources of relational uncertainty that arise in romantic relationships: self uncertainty, partner uncertainty, and relationship uncertainty (Knobloch Solomon, 1999; Knobloch, Solomon, Cruz, 2001). Self uncertainty includes partners reservations about their own involvement in the romantic relationship. Partner uncertainty involves peoples doubts about their partners participation in the relationship. Relationship uncertainty constitutes doubts about the relationship itself. During relationship development, people are learning to navigate, understand, and predict their partners behavior. People experience uncertainty about their own and their partners goals, beliefs, emotional states, etc. (Berger, 1995). Because relational uncertainty is a negative aversive state, partners are motivated to reduce this feeling, especially if they want to remain committed to their partner and their relationship. Prior research has found that relational uncertainty is positively related to negative relationship outcomes such as jealousy (Knobloch, Solomon, Cruz, 2001) and negatively related to positive relationship outcomes such as intimacy (Knobloch Solomon, 2002; Thesis Solomon, 2008). Because LDRRs are characterized by relational uncertainty (Cameron Ross, 2007; Shalstein, 2004) and experienced uncertainty is linked to negative relational outcomes (decreases in intimacy, increase in jealousy), the present study will investigate the moderating effects of relationship type (LDRR or CPRR) on the relationship between relational uncertainty and positive illusions, as well as relationship quality measures (i.e., satisfaction, intimacy, optimism). Outline of proposed study and hypotheses The present study contributes to the growing literature on LDRRs by investigating a mediation model of relationship satisfaction moderated by relationship type (LDRR or CPRR) in order to explain how and why partners in LDRRs differ from partners in CPRRs in reports of relationship quality measures (i.e. satisfaction, intimacy, optimism). Within such parameters, this work focuses on positive illusions as a possible mediator of the relationship between relational uncertainty and relationship quality (i.e. satisfaction, closeness and optimism). In addition, the current study suggests that relationship type (LDRRs or CPRRs) will moderate the relationship between relational uncertainty and positive illusions (mediator variable) such that relational uncertainty will be associated with greater positive illusions for partner in LDRRs than partners in CPRRs. This study is a 2 (relationship type: LDRR vs. CPRR) x 2 (relational certainty: low vs. high) x 2 (positive illusions: low vs. high) bet ween groups factorial design. The dependent measures are relationship satisfaction, intimacy, and optimism. Hypotheses Prior research indicates that relational uncertainty is associated with jealousy (Knobloch et al, 2001), negative emotion (Aune et al., 1994), and decreased liking for a romantic partner (Kellerman Reynolds). Additionally, research suggests that uncertainty reduction fosters feelings of intimacy (Knobloch Solomon; Theiss Solomon, 2008). In line with this research, the present study proposes: H1: People who are uncertain about their relationship will report lower levels of satisfaction and intimacy in their relationship than people who are certain about their relationship. Murray et al (1996a) argue that positive illusions develop naturally through relationship progression. According to them, partners idealize their partners exaggerating their qualities and understating their weaknesses in the face of relational uncertainty. In addition, Stafford and Merolla (2007) suggest that lack of FtF interaction leads partners in LDRRs to idealize their partners more than partners in CPRRs. They also found that positive illusions in LDRRs were related to feelings of optimism about the future of their relationship. These findings, taken together, suggest that positive illusions act as a coping mechanism for partners who face relational uncertainty. Formally stated: H2: People who are uncertain about their relationship will idealize their partners more than those people who are certain about their relationship. H3: People who idealize their partner will be more satisfied with and optimistic about their relationship than people who do not idealize their partner. H4: People who are in LDRRs will be more likely to idealize their partner than people who are in CPRRs. Even though some research suggests otherwise (Van Horn, Arnone, Nesbitt, Desilets, Sears, Giffin, Brudi, 1997; Helgeson, 1994a), partners in LDRRs have been found to report similar levels of satisfaction, trust, and intimacy as partners in CPRRs (Guldner Swenson, 1995). Counterintuitively, these divergent findings suggest that partners in LDRRs and CPRRs do not significantly differ on their reports of satisfaction. Formally stated: H5: People who are in LDRRs will report similar levels of relationship satisfaction as people in CPRRs. Proposed Study Two hundred (25 people per cell) partners who are currently in a LDRR or a CPRR will be asked to participate in the present study (the interest in this study is with individual responses not that of the dyad). Participants will be asked to fill out an informed consent form. Then a questionnaire will be given to each participant. This questionnaire will include a question about relationship status, as well as measures of relational uncertainty, positive illusions, satisfaction, intimacy, and optimism. In addition, participants will be asked to fill out a demographic questionnaire (age, length of relationship, attachment style, etc.) Results Overview of Analytic Strategy Given that couples in contrast to individuals served as participants, partners responses will likely be interdependent. Advised by Kenney (1988), couples will serve as the unit of analysis. Hypothesis 1 predicts that people who are certain about their relationship will report lower levels of satisfaction and intimacy than people who are certain about their relationships. A MANOVA will be conducted with sex as the within-dyad factor and relational certainty (low or high) as the between subjects factor. Hypothesis 2 predicts that uncertain people will idealize their partners more than those people who are certain. A MANOVA will be conducted with sex as the within-dyad factor and relational certainty as the between subjects factor. Hypothesis 3 predicts that people who idealize their partner more will be more satisfied than people who do not idealize their partner. A MANOVA will be conducted with sex as the within-dyad factor and positive illusions (high or low) as the between subjects factor. Hypotheses 4 and 5 predict that people in LDRRs will idealize their partner more than people in CPRRS but that both partners in LDRRs and in CPRRs will report similar levels of satis faction. A MANOVA will be conducted with sex as the within-dyad factor and relationship type (LDRR or CPRR) as the between subjects factor. Discussion The purpose of the current research is to add to the burgeoning literature on LDRRs. Specifically, the goal is to show that positive illusions mediate the relationship between relational uncertainty and relationship quality measures. In addition, the present study suggests that relationship type moderates the relationship between relational uncertainty and positive illusions. If the proposed hypotheses are supported, there will be implications for future research focused on positive illusions and LDRRs. Specifically, the results of this study could be applied to a therapeutic setting. If positive illusions are found to be related to positive relationship outcomes then therapists could teach couples to use this coping technique as a way to deal with the stress of maintaining a LDRR. One limitation of the proposed study is that the variables of interest are measured not manipulated. If the present results are supported, future research should attempt to manipulate relational uncertainty to determine if there is a causal relationship between uncertainty, positive illusions, and relationship quality measures. Although to date there are no relational uncertainty manipulations, future research should modify the self uncertainty priming procedure discussed in Hogg, Sherman, Dierselhuis, Maitner, and MoYtt (2007) for this purpose. In addition to conducting experiments, future research should also study other possible moderators of the proposed model. For example, attachment style as a moderator, do insecurely attached partners feel even more uncertain in LDRR than securely attached partners? If so, would they be even more or less likely to use positive illusions. Future research should address these intriguing questions. The present study also brings up a number of conceptual issues and questions. For example, although positive illusions counteract doubts people hold about the realities of their partners imperfections and relationship problems, are there some more severe relationship problems that should not be construed and instead be directly addressed? Recent research suggests that these cognitive construal processes are maladaptive for partners who face more severe or frequent relationship problems (McNulty, OMara Karney, 2008). In a longitudinal study, McNulty et al. (2008) found that although positive illusions led to greater marital satisfaction in healthy marriages (i.e., less relationship problems and observed negative behavior), these cognitive processes also led to a decrease in marital satisfaction for those partners in troubled marriages. The authors suggest that partners who face mild marital problems may benefit from using positive illusions rather than facing potential conflict in ad dressing these problems. However, employing positive illusions to cope with relationships marked by more sever marital problems (physical or psychological abuse) may just exacerbate these problems over time. In relation to LDRRs, perhaps partners should not employ positive illusions over long periods of time and instead directly address problems associated with negotiating time apart if they want to ensure the future of their relationship. Another interesting issue that arises deals with how partners in LDRRs that idealize their partner fair when they make a transition from LDRR to CPRR. Recent work by Stafford and Merolla (2007) found that upon transitioning to a CPRR, people formerly in LDRRs who idealized their partner were more likely to terminate their relationship than people formerly in LDRRs who idealized their partner less. This suggests that although positive illusions might act as a coping strategy for partners who deal with high relational uncertainty, this strategy does not seem to work when the relationship type changes.

The Guilt of Lady Macbeth Essay example -- Macbeth essays

The Guilt of Lady Macbeth      Ã‚   Shakespeare's "Macbeth" holds many hidden themes within its already exuberant plot.   The first of these surrounds the murder of Duncan and the role that both Lady Macbeth and Macbeth himself played.   However, the true guilt of the murder can fall on either character.   Although Macbeth physically committed the crime, it was Lady Macbeth that pushed him to his limits of rational thought and essentially made fun of him to lower his esteem.   With Macbeth's defenses down, it was an easy task for Lady Macbeth to influence Duncan's murder and make up an excuse as to why she could not do it herself.   The guilt of Duncan's murder can be placed firmly on the head on Lady Macbeth.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lady Macbeth wants the murder of Duncan for her own gains.   Given the present situation, she is power hungry.   The wyrd sisters predicted that Macbeth would be king.   This means that the obvious result would be Lady Macbeth as queen.   Instead of waiting for Duncan to die naturally or to be killed by someone else, she ushers the task to Macbeth.   She forces it upon him, which is unfortunate, for he starts a moral character.   It is the methods she uses to convince Macbeth that murder is the answer that are extremely cruel and manipulative, sending no doubt that she is the chief culprit in the murder of Duncan, and his death may be put squarely in her hands.    Sex roles in the 1600s were very strict; women were forbidden from acting in theatrical works.   Shakespeare seems to play off this in his casting and dialect.   The masculinity of Macbeth is questionable in itself, with the provocative language used in the play.   He himself is unsure of his "abilities" as a member of the male sex.... ...tions, the use of her "womanly" features, and her attacks on the manliness of Macbeth all put more guilt on her shoulders than Macbeth by far.   She deserves no pity either.   Her eventual trip to insanity was her own fault, as well as the final battle where Macduff kills Macbeth.   Had she shown patience, fate may have eventually worked in Macbeth and her's favor.    Works Cited and Consulted:    Epstein, Norrie. The Friendly Shakepeare, New York, Viking Publishing, 1993.    Schlegel, August Wilhelm.   Criticism on Shakespeare s Tragedies . A Course of Lectures on Dramatic Art and Literature. London: AMS Press, Inc., 1965.   Ã‚      Shakespeare, William.   Tragedy of Macbeth . Ed. Barbara Mowat and Paul  Ã‚   Warstine. New York: Washington Press, 1992.  Ã‚  Ã‚      Wills, Gary. Lady Macbeth and Evil. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.  

Essay --

â€Å"It was not without justification that the OECD 1979 report on the impact of the newly industrialized countries referred to Japan as the forerunner of the NICs† (Dore, 1986). Over the ages, Japan has developed from a powerful economy in Asia, to the third biggest economy in the world after the United States at number one, and the People’s Republic of China at number two, Japan in fact was the second biggest economy in the world until the year 2010 when China’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) got higher at $1.337 trillion, more than Japan’s $1.288 trillion GDP. Japan has over the years struggled to fight deflation, which has been a major problem to their economic growth. The growth of Japan’s economy will be looked at from four basic perspectives, the historical miracle of the bubble economy, the current deflationary and debt crises Japan is facing, the direction of the economy right from the economic miracle of the 1950s, and an insight to the fut ure of Japan. Japanese economic growth can be sectioned into three different historic eras namely, the Tokugawa (EDO) period, the Meiji period, and the post-war span. The Tokugawa period also recognized as the Edo period, lasted from 1603 - 1867, during this period, Japan under the rule of Emperor Iyesu Tokugawa became isolated from the rest of the world, as a result of that they enjoyed internal tranquility, political and economic stability, Japan enjoyed a stable economy because of the embargo the emperor embossed banning farmers from involving in other economic activities apart from the agricultural sector, this policy helped boost Japan’s national economy rapidly from the 1680s to the earliest parts of the 1700s. In 1867 the last Tokugawa shogunate was over thrown, less than a year later... ...lumber of stagnation currently hunting them, the persistent escalation in devaluation combined with high administration debt and low cash spending from the people will make it harder for Japan to recover their economic attitude. The Japanese Prime Minister’s policy are basically aimed at restoring the economy of the country, pessimist economists believe a deflation as great as that of Japan will be difficult to reverse, from the look of new spending power policies from BOJ, the Japanese are expected to increase spending power, thereby increasing PPP which will give rise to inflation in the country. The future of Japan’s economy may yet still be regained as a powerful global economy. The future of the Japanese economy depends on the success of Shinzo Abe’s economic strategies, the rate of deflationary cut-down, and good economic policies.

Lost Identity Found Essay -- Cultural Identities Culture Identity Essa

Lost Identity Found Stuart Hall writes that â€Å"Identity is not as transparent or unproblematic as we think† (Hall 392). Hanif Kareishi, a visual minority growing up in racially charged England, experiences uncertainty and frustration relating to his sense of identity. Salman Rushdie, author of short stories â€Å"The Courter† and â€Å"Good Advice Is Rarer Than Rubies,† develops characters who experience similar identity crises. In his piece, â€Å"The Rainbow Sign,† Kareishi explores three responses to encounters with a foreign and hostile culture: outright rejection of the foreign culture, complete assimilation into foreign culture, or adoption of a synthesis of the two cultures. Kareishi himself embraces each of these different approaches at different times in his life, while characters in Rushdie’s short stories embody specific approaches. Kareishi’s discussion of the interaction between race, class, nationhood, and citizenship points to the need for a lo osening of racial and class distinctions in favor of a multicultural, liberal approach for achieving a successful synthesis of cultures. The protagonist of â€Å"Good Advice Is Rarer Than Rubies† adopts the rejectionist course when confronted with the possibility of being introduced into a foreign British culture. Miss Rehana, the Indian protagonist of the short story, travels to a British Consulate in India to acquire a British passport. An arranged engagement at the age of nine forged a connection between Miss Rehana and an older man with British citizenship, Mustafa Dar. Though Miss Rehana had not seen Mustafa Dar for many years, the engagement provides the opportunity for her to join him in England. Miss Rehana is poor; her parents are dead. A life in Britain promises better material c... ... calls for white British to adapt and compromise with immigrant culture. In light of Hall’s commentary, one can only hope that transforming Pakistani and British cultures converge. The other option, of course, is a divergence of culture. Sadly, given the vigilante groups and racial violence present when Kareishi published â€Å"The Rainbow Sign,† it is still not clear that England has embraced multiculturalism. Works Cited Kareishi, Hanif. â€Å"The Rainbow Sign.† London kills me. London: Penguin Books, 1992. 3-37. Hall, Stuart. " Cultural Identity and Diaspora." Colonial Discourse and Post-Colonial Theory. Ed. Patrick Williams and Laura Chrisman. New York: Columbia University Press, 1994. Rushdie, Salman. â€Å"Good Advice is Rarer than Rubies.† East, West. NY: vintage Books, 1994. 5-16. Rushdie, Salman. â€Å"The Courter.† East, West. NY: vintage Books, 1994. 175-211.

Black Power Movement Essay

The movement for Black Power in the U.S. emerged from the civil rights movement in the early 1960s. Beginning in 1959, Robert F. Willams, president of the Monroe, North Carolina chapter of the NAACP, openly questioned the ideology of nonviolence and its domination of the movement’s strategy. Williams was supported by prominent leaders such as Ella Baker and James Forman, and opposed by others, such as Roy Wilkins(the national NAACP chairman) and Martin Luther King.[10] In 1961, Maya Angelou, Leroi Jones, and Mae Mallory led a riotous (and widely-covered) demonstration at the United Nations to protest the assassination of Patrice Lumumba.[11][12] Malcolm X, national representative of the Nation of Islam, also launched an extended critique of nonviolence and integrationism at this time. After seeing the increasing militancy of blacks in the wake of the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing, and wearying of the domination of Elijah Muhammed over the Nation of Islam, Malcolm left that organization and engaged with the mainstream of the Civil Rights Movement. Malcolm was now open to voluntary integration as a long-term goal, but still supported armed self-defense, self-reliance, and black nationalism; he became a simultaneous spokesman for the militant wing of the Civil Rights Movement and the non-separatist wing of the Black Power movement. An early manifestation of Black Power in popular culture was the performances given by Nina Simone at Carnegie Hall in March 1964, and the album In Concert which resulted from them. Simone mocked liberal nonviolence (â€Å"Go Limp†), and took a vengeful position toward white racists (â€Å"Mississippi Goddamn† and her adaptation of â€Å"Pirate Jenny†). Historian Ruth Feldstein writes that, â€Å"Contrary to the neat historical trajectories which suggest that black power came late in the decade and only after the ‘successes’ of earlier efforts, Simone’s album makes clear that black power perspectives were already taking shape and circulating widely†¦in the early 1960s.† By 1966, most of SNCC’s field staff, among them Stokely Carmichael (later Kwame Ture), were becoming critical of the nonviolent approach to confronting racism and inequality—articulated and promoted by Martin Luther King, Jr., Roy Wilkins, and other moderates—and rejected desegregation as a  primary objective. SNCC’s base of support was generally younger and more working-class than that of the other â€Å"Big Five†[14] civil rights organizations and became increasingly more militant and outspoken over time. From SNCC’s point of view, racist people had no qualms about the use of violence against black people in the U.S. who would not â€Å"stay in their place,† and â€Å"accommodationist† civil rights strategies had failed to secure sufficient concessions for black people.[citation needed] As a result, as the Civil Rights Movement progressed, increasingly radical, more militant voices came to the fore to aggressively challenge white hegemony. Increasing numbers of black youth, particularly, rejected their elders’ moderate path of cooperation, racial integration and assimilation. They rejected the notion of appealing to the public’s conscience and religious creeds and took the tack articulated by another black activist more than a century befo re, abolitionist Frederick Douglass, who wrote: Those who profess to favor freedom, and yet depreciate agitation, are men who want crops without plowing up the ground. They want rain without thunder and lightning. They want the ocean without the awful roar of its many waters. †¦Power concedes nothing without demand. It never did and it never will. Most early 1960s civil rights leaders did not believe in physically violent retaliation. However, much of the African-American rank-and-file, and those leaders with strong working-class ties, tended to compliment nonviolent action with armed self-defense. For instance, prominent nonviolent activist Fred Shuttlesworth of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (and a leader of the 1963 Birmingham campaign), had worked closely with an armed defense group that was led by Colonel Stone Johnson. As Alabama historian Frye Gaillard writes, †¦these were the kind of men Fred Shuttlesworth admired, a mirror of the toughness he aspired to himself†¦They went armed [during the Freedom Rides], for it was one of the realities of the civil rights movement that however nonviolent it may have been at its heart, there was always a current of ‘any means necessary,’ as the black power advocates would say later on. During the March Against Fear, there was a division between those aligned with Martin Luther King, Jr. and those aligned with Carmichael, marked by their respective slogans, â€Å"Freedom Now† and â€Å"Black Power.† While King never endorsed the slogan, his rhetoric sometimes came close to it. In his 1967 book Where Do We Go From Here?, King wrote that â€Å"power is not the white man’s birthright; it will not be legislated for us and delivered in neat government packages.†