Variances Between Learning Styles And Academics Education Essay

Students define in diverse ways, each(prenominal) of them has their ain diverse ways or tastes in the elbow room they cope and process information. Taking into considerations these penchants is of predominating beta in the management eruditeness patterned advance. The mode by which each pupil learns get come on make a landscape by which the pupils will either harbour or keep their knowing knowledge. Therefore, the pedagogues comprehension about the pupils larning elan is beyond uncertainty. Alfonseca et. Al. ( 2006 ) emphasis that to be witting of the pupils well-readness courtesy will readiness the adaptation of suited techniques and methods to fit with the pupils disposition.The ways by which an person pupil normally obtains, sustains and recoers information are defined as the individual s erudition modes it indicates a general penchant for larning ( Knowles et.al. 2005 ) . these larning adroitness recognize that pupils learn in different ways. By stre ssing larning manner, at going will be on the scholars and by so fashioning they will acquire to be familiar with the mode they learn which planetary house and Mosley ( 2005 ) assert will convey forth constructive effect on their causation to larn.Acknowledging the pupils larning manner whitethorn in effect(p) help pedagogues go more sensitive to the differences pupils bring in the schoolroom on that pointfore can function as usher in planing science experiences that go with the pupils larning readiness. Cuthbert ( 2005 ) stated that consciousness of the acquisition manners is lively for to leting accommodation in the pedagogues pedagogic attacks. Gadth-Johnson and Price ( 2000 ) come ined out that there is a powerful relationship in the midst of a scholar s exclusively cultivation manner and their academic accomplishment.Significance of the StudyIt is the duty of everyone who takes fraction in the educational system to make and develop valuable and competent a cquisition environs whereby enhanced acquisition is afforded to all most specially to the scholars. The consequences of the heap will help in planing more effectual and synergistic schoolroom experiences to turn around the value of larning. The instructors may cognize of which larning manner pupils perform good and could impart out for different attacks to guarantee prototypal- variety academic public intro of pupils. Taking into history the consequence which may be brought approximately by the consciousness of the pupils larning manner to the academic accomplishment of the pupils, it may besides execute an consequence on the pupil abrasion which is one of the university s first of all concern. When pupils learn fast, they perform better, derive more assurance and go more motivated to go on their instruction. The comply will happen its followers measure for future research proles to research the relationships of the acquisition manners with the separate dimensions of the educational procedure in wider position.The survey is limited to the first twelvemonth pupils of AMA International University -Bahrain. It is fundamentally to canvass the average differences of the acquisition manners in concurrence with the demographics of the pupils which include age, gender, and BS plan enrolled. This is non strictly study research. The ability of accomplishment Style developed by Felder and Solomon is used to place and analyze the discrepancies between larning manners and academic accomplishments of the pupils. The academic accomplishment of the respondents will be determined by the class point norm ( grade point average ) of the pupils during the first trimester.Statement of the ProblemLearning manner has its insightful impact on the peculiar dimensions of instruction and acquisition procedures. Students beget their ain preferable manner to acknowledge, retain and recover information. The survey will research on the indices of discrepancies between pupil s acquisition manners and their academic accomplishments. Using consciousness of larning manner within the educational background promotes more effectual acquisition. In add-on, lifting the consciousness of pedagogues sing the diverse acquisition attacks will ease them to be resourceful and adoptable in their instruction strategies.REVIEW OF THE LITERATURELearning is by and large place with a revisal in behaviour. Most of us understand it as a merchandise of a procedure by which behaviour transforms as a consequence of a acquirement experience. Harmonizing to Rogers A. ( 2003 ) there are 2 contrasting attacks to back up larning as a class of movement or a procedure which brought about transmutation or alteration the Task- witting or Acquisition acquisition and the Learning- witting or formalized acquisition. Acquisition larning refers to the unconscious acquisition or merely called contained acquisition. The scholar may non be witting of it but is normally conscious(predicate) that a decided undertaking is at manus and after executing the undertaking, alteration takes topographical point. Formalized larning on the other(a) manus takes topographic point from the class of easing larning. It is educative instead than accretion of experiences. In this attack, the scholar is cognizant that what he is making involves larning. Formalized acquisition is doing leaner witting of the acquisition and therefore heightening it farther. On this note, heightening larning would intend affecting the scholars in the procedure it necessitates acknowledgment of how they learn in set in motion for larning to be favored therefore a survey of pupils larning manners is beyond uncertainty a necessity to appreciate the procedure called acquisition.The survey of larning manners has been recognized in the recent old ages as significantly imperative in assisting pupils learn successfully. Today more than of all time, the educational universe is get down up the importance of acknowledging and spoting the assorted ways pupils learn and placing the critical functions it takes portion in achieving permeant academic success ( Collinson, 2000 ) . This besides leads to several surveies bespeaking the realize that instructors gain from developing an apprehension of how pupils learn every smirch good as its consequence on their instruction.Learning Style ModelsThe look knowledge manner has many elements and can be characterized as the scholars dependable manner of sorrowful in response to and the usage of stimulations in the context of larning. It has been explored from psychological, societal and educational point of views. To assist research piece of workers in their probe of the learning manner penchant of pupils, development theories in larning manners defecate been expanded which harmonizing to Hall and Mosley ( 2005 ) call for produced in no fewer than 71 different suppositional enumerates which normally portion the same features yet each has a lone positions. some(prenominal) of these divinatory marks are briefly discussed and so a farther feat to speak about the Felder and Silverman s theoretical account in order provides grasp of its usage that pertains specifically to this survey.Kolb s learning manner theoretical account finds its foundation in Jung s theory. It classifies scholars into quaternity types based on their penchants on how to take and integrate information viz. obliger, diverger, learner, and converger. While each individual has his ain disposition, Loo ( 2004 ) asserted that efficiency is based upon the efficacy to move in response to assorted larning state of affairss by successfully doing usage of each manner as contrasting to merely development the preferable manner regardless of the conditions. Kolb s experiential tilting theoretical account efforts to integrate each manner of larning into four-stage series or rhythm that consonantly directs scholars from concrete experiences to the patterne d advance of constructs that will function as springboard for fresh experiences ( Loo, 2004 ) . A ring separated in quarter-circles depicts each phase, which are all deemed of import for experiential acquisition nevertheless advocates of this theory take for the same sentiment that persons have a preferable phase in which acquisition is found to be most comfy. ( Goby & A Lewis, 2000 ) . As a effect ( Young, 2002 ) noted that any phase preferred by an person can function as get downing point for acquisition.Dunn and Dunn acquisition manners theoretical account is another manner of presenting and metre intelligence. The attack is founded on the construct that intelligence is non definitively linked to talent or inborn capablenesss ( Denig, 2004 Dunn et.al 2001 Lovelace, 2005. ) as a replacing for perceptual experience, comprehension, the accomplishment of cognition through experiences and analytical problem-solving and decision- devising accomplishments are acceptable and vali d foundation of intelligence ( Denig, 2004 ) . This learning Style theoretical account respects 20 elements that form pupil larning which include puting, emotionalism, sociological fancy, physiological peculiarity and neurotic processing dispositions. The Dunn and Dunn larning manner theoretical account puts frontward the idea that scholars should be trained to use their chief or chief learning manner to analyze and larn new resources ( Denig 2004 ) .Myers-Briggs Type Indicator or the MBTI categorizes pupils as sociable or lone wolf, antiphonal or inventive, intellectuals or advance and judgers or percipients. Despite the fact that MBTI is a behavior appraisal, the information that is assembled has oft been related to how plurality think, learn and make judgement. In actuality, all people exhibit features of each of the four classs, but persons play their singularity in the extent to which they employ these features and the person s effectivity in making so. McPherson ( 1999 ) maintained the weight of this connexion by his claim that the instructor s cognition of pupils personality type can reenforce the development of important category activities.Summarizing up the theoretical accounts presented, two points were given accent different persons procedure information across many content countries, cognitive and affective procedures are acknowledged to significantly spread out our penetrations into the issues that relate to motive which is an indispensable constituent of acquisition. ( Vawda A. 2005 )Felder and Silverman s Model for Learning StylesThe research worker in the current survey adopted Felder and Silverman s ( 1988 ) theoretical account to place the participants acquisition manner for the ground that this theoretical account intend for a comprehensive system of larning manners which help pedagogues be more cognizant of the demands of the pupils and adjust their direction consequently. ( Jarvis, 2005 ) . In add-on, each of the dimensions in th is theoretical account is parallel with the other acquisition manners model although the combine is alone ( Felder and Spurlin, 2005 ) . Furthermore it was noted that one of the advantages of these theoretical account over the others is the richer and more flexible sliding graduated tables support sorting the pupils manners ( Alfonseca, 2006 )Felder and Silverman s ( 1988 ) theoretical account is used to sort larning manners in footings of four dimension comprehending information ( Sensing/ Intuitive ) inputting information ( optical/Verbal ) treating information ( Active/Reflective ) and understanding ( Sequential/ world(prenominal) ) . Feeling scholars like to larn inside informations and concrete stuffs. They like to work out job with typical attacks. . They are healthy and sensible and be given to be more practical. In contrast, Intuitive scholars have a penchant to larn abstract larning stuffs such as theory and unverbalised in significances. Active scholars learn best by e xecuting actively with available larning stuffs or seeking things out by themselves. On the other manus brooding scholars prefer to believe about and reflect on the stuffs. Ocular scholars are more able to retrieve best what they have seen while verbal scholars get textual re intromissions irrespective of the fact any(prenominal) they are written or spoken. Consecutive scholars are those who learn in little incremental stairss and have linear learning advancement. They follow consistent stepwise waies in happening solutions. Global scholars conversely use a holistic judgement procedure and learn in great bounds. They tend to absorb learning resources haphazardly without seeing connexions but after they learned adequate stuffs they out of the blue get the whole image. Table illustrates the four dimensions.Academic Achievement founded on Learning StyleLearning manners can ease a more easy and successful propensity of the pupils ( Prabhakar and Swapna, 2009 ) . Awareness of their lear ning manner is indistinguishable to understanding their laterality and weaknesses this in bend provides them better motive. The level of larning achieved by a pupil is one of the success indexs of a learning environment. Several surveies have shown that academic public presentation of pupils is related to their acquisition manners ( Rasimah et.al, 2008 ) . Without taking into history the instrument used, many surveies have revealed that the acquisition manners has an of import function in the academic public presentation of the pupils. The recognition of the acquisition manners in the acquisition landscape have uncovered a agency to an improved trial tonss while a dissension in larning uniqueness and learning environment resulted in change magnitude achievement. ( Andrews, 1990 ) . The look larning manner has been attributed in a broad scope of surveies which have been founded to be decidedly related with specific facets of acquisition and measured larning results in footings of academic accomplishment. Learning manners similarly takes portion in the schoolroom public presentation. Decisions from the assorted research workers showed that tonss in larning manners become from indie variable and is a step of the academic success of the scholars. ( Rayneri and Gerber, 2004 )Surveies on Learning Style and Academic AchievementThere are a figure of surveies that explored the relationship between larning manner and academic public presentation in varied subjects. more or less of these surveies indicated connexion between public presentation accomplishment and the meeting learning manner ( Mainemelis et. al. , 2002 Rutz 2003 ) while others surveies expounded on the differences in the acquisition manners penchant and the academic public presentation.Dyrsdale, Ross and Schulz ( 2001 ) made a survey on the boilersuit academic achievement ( GPA ) of 4546 pupils enrolled at the metropolitan Canadian university in 19 foregoing university classs based on their prima ac quisition manners and came up with a decision that 9 of the 19 classs concerned in the survey, the dominant manner was concrete consecutive and that these pupils have a magnetic inclination to high classs. Concrete stochastic scholars public presentations varied and abstract random scholars appeared to fight academically as a group.Cartmell, Majors, Ashlock and Sitton ( 2007 ) compared the acquisition manner and GPA s and demographics ( Gender, categorization ( Senior, Juniors, Sophomore, Freshman and lasting residence ) of 135 pupils enrolled in uncouth communicating at Oklahoma State University. Most of the pupils were found to be concrete consecutive scholars and these pupils had overall GPA s higher(prenominal) than the other pupils that are classified harmonizing to the other acquisition manners.Lehman ( 2011 ) conducted a survey on the relationship of acquisition manners, class Markss and instructional favourites every bit good as gender differences related to larning man ners in an introductory biological science class at Longwood University. She found out that of the 173 pupils, 39 % had concrete consecutive acquisition manners and 12 % of them were abstract random scholars while 21 % were concrete random scholars. She made a decision that there was no major disparity in between gender, Markss, or instructional penchants based on larning manners.Myers and Dyer ( 2006 ) have discovered out that there were no important differences in the acquisition manners of males and females enrolled in agricultural leading development class at the University of Florida yet, they have found out that for scholars with deeply rooted abstract consecutive acquisition manner, their critical estimation ability evaluations were significantly higher than the other deep rooted learning manners.Thomas et.al. , ( 2002 ) made a survey on the acquisition manners of pupils enrolled in an introductory scheduling class. The bulk of the pupils in the survey were assessed as detec tion, ocular, brooding and consecutive. Consequences showed that in the exam part of the class, important differences were perceived in the pupils public presentation between reflective and active scholars, brooding scholars got higher tonss while between verbal and ocular scholars, verbal scholars perform better.

Classical and post-Classical periods Essay

The Silk roadstead were created when classical empires were established, and the background knowledge of long distance administer expanded, connecting a good deal of Eurasia. Throughout the Classical and post-Classical periods, the Silk paths provided a way for not only goods to be introduced to new lands, be inclines also ideas, religions and technology. The Silk roadstead changed drastically due to expanding empires, new technology and infirmitys. Although the make and empires with which the Silk Road was connected changed continuously passim the Classical and post-Classical period, the thing that remained immutable was the great deal of spices and goods to and from Asia and atomic number 63, and the Silk Road never lost its importance to the economies of the empires.The ripening empires immediately affected the Silk Roads. The growth and public exposure of empires was a direct result of who had the approximately control over the routes and what ideas were being b lossom out, for instance religion. When disease decreased much(prenominal) of a population, that empire would stop batch with other nations and focus on interregional mint, until their empire was back up on its feet, and then it would again adjunction in trade on the silk roads. This constantly happened with the introduction of new diseases to empires with with(predicate)out the end of the Classical period and all of the post-Classical period. One example of this was China, when diseases were brought to its coast from the ships, its population decimated and they stopped trading with vast nations for luxuries and kept the trade at heart its empire till its economy grew and then they continued in trade throughout the silk road.The new technology introduced to the Silk Road had the most impact on the trade patterns. Throughout the classical period not some(prenominal) changes in technology occurred, however during the post-Classical, you start to see many new technologies intr oduced to the Silk Road. Yolks, saddles and stirrup irons were on the dot some of the new transportation technology developed. In the 600s B.C.E., yolks, saddles and stirrups were employ to suspend more goods to be carried on horse, camels and ox and allowed them to travel further distance. Saddles were showtime developed in Southern Arabia for transportation. Then, Stirrups first appeared in Afghanistan, created by the Kushan folk. The stirrup is a piece of equipment that extends from a saddle on both sides, and the someone sitting in the saddle can put their feet into the stirrup mend riding to gain let out control of the animal being ridden and to be more secure on the animals back. Lastly, the yoke allowed for more than one ox to plow fields.The yoke would link the two oxen together and make up them to something heavy, like a plow or a tool used for turning the earth. Another invention, which came from China, was a compass, which pointed north, and allowed sailor to nav igate more easily. They also invented better-equipped, long-lasting ships to travel greater distances for the sole purpose of acquiring goods that battalion at home in China so desperately desired. These boats were called junks, and allowed for the Chinese to sail great distances for the goods they desired. However, they were not alone in the making of these enlarged ships, Indians also began to craft larger and improved boats called dhows.Another major grounding that fueled trade was the Grand Canal. Created under the authority of Sui Yangdi in the Sui Dynasty. The Chinese needed a fast and easy way to transport innate crops, such as rice, from the Yangzi River to the North. Therefore they built the Grande Canal running through North and Southern China, creating an efficient way to transport good through northern and southern China. Other than transportation technology, there was other technology introduced in the post-Classical period. The Chinese invented printing and paper, which created an even faster and easier way to spread ideas, religion, and technology throughout the Silk Roads.Although the Silk Roads had many positive features, along with the spread of ideas came the spread of disease. This occurred throughout the whole period. Unbeknownst to the traders the ships and caravans, with which they traded, brought disease along with their many goods. Worlds apart, neither the two parties, the transmitter and the infected, were aware, at least primarily, of what the devastating do would be when coming in contact with these diseases. Due to the fact that they were from diametrical parts of the world, and seas away from each other, those who were infected were not immune precisely to the diseases the merchants carried, and it had devastating effects of the population. These massive disease outbreaks resulted in drastic changes, parentage at the end of the Classical period. As the germs traveled from one side of the world to the other, they became m ore dangerous. One of the most obvious examples of what disease did throughout the Silk Road was in the Americas.When European settlers came to colonize America, they brought with them infectious diseases such as the bubonic plague, and malaria, killing off almost 90% of the primaeval people. This make it especially easy to conquer lands and force Natives to work, and when they were running out of native workers, they just imported slaves from Africa. The diseases they brought made it possible for them to conquer as much land as they did and it also made it possible for the Europeans to destroy many of the Natives history, because the Natives could not stop them, for they only had few people left.Other than the natives in the Americas, both the Han Empire and the Roman Empire, tremendous trade destinations, had immense problems with disease in the 100s and the 200s C.E. most likely these people experienced the bubonic plague, small lues, and measles. For example, in the 100s C.E., about 45 million people lived in the Roman Empire, but in the 400s C.E. the population dropped at least 5 million. Likewise, the population in China dropped by 10 million in the 200 geezerhood following 200 C.E., sinking to 50 million. Unfortunately, the transfer of these devastating diseases to places without inborn immunity to them caused devastating population decline throughout the classical and post-classical period. in spite of the constant changes in materials traded, the original purpose of the Silk Road remained undamaged throughout the Classical and Post-Classical period. Asian goods were traded with European merchants along the Silk Road and vice versa. In particular, spices from Asia, which were traded with most wealthy empires, particularly Europe, fueled Asias economy. These spices were valued by the Europeans constantly and elaborated the importance of the Silk Road.During the Post-Classical period, many countries like Portugal and Spain, tried to tamp control of the Spice trade. Although unsuccessful, it shows the importance of the spice trade to the Silk Roads. The spice trade created an economic boom in Asia and every other country wanted that leading to wars and a race to find the quickest route to Asia. Furthermore, Asias economy, specifically Chinas economy, was dependent on the money from trade on the Silk Road, regardless the type of goods that were traded to fuel their economy. Likewise, Asian trades drove Europes economy.Throughout 200 B.C.E to 1450 C.E., the Silk Roads had drastic changes due to its growing empires, new technology and spread of diseases. One thing that remained constant was trade between Asia and Europe and their economies reliance on such trade. The effect the Silk Road had on empires and how it allowed ideas, like religion and philosophies, to be spread throughout the Silk Roads also remained constant throughout the Classical and Post-Classical period. Growing empires contributed new ideas, technology and crops. It also controlled much of the influence throughout Eurasia. New technology provided better transportation and faster ways to spread ideas. Lastly, diseases directly affected populations that were not immune to foreign diseases such as the bubonic plague, malaria and small pox and decimated populations.

Engage In Personal Development Essay

1.1 Describe the duties and responsibilities of ingest trim roleJob description1.2 And 3.1 Explain expectations about testify bring in role as expressed in relevant standards. value let knowledge, performance and understanding against relevant standards. A day in the life at my setting.Arriving at my setting distributively day I am required to sign in and note pour d feature the clip. I put my bag in a safe and secure location so nipperren female genital organnot access. I resist the message board and liaise with contrary staff members for either principal(prenominal) updates. We pee a peasant with a diet intolerance so I informed the cook to wanton away them aw ar the child was catered for at on the whole repasts during the day. My 1st hour was worn-out(a) upstairs with the toddlers aged between 2 and 3 years. I hence checked the planner to see what activities we had for that day. Today I set up the drawing table ensuring there was copious paper, crayons and chairs available for alone the children present. I sat with the children whilst they joined in with the activity. Talking to the children about what they were doing and describing any in all the diverse colours, sizes, shapes etc. This was promoting their speech and language training and using creative skills too. Whilst inadvertence this activity I decided to complete a pitiful contemplation on one of the children as she began to count and sing. I was interacting with all of the children seek to maintain interest.After a short while it was then prison term to tidy away all the equipment from the actives in which we abet the children to serve well too. erst the board was tidy we decided to take the children outside in to the garden. more or less of our toddlers ar able to pick up and put on their coats which we as well encourage to do but some children are unable to achieve this at the moment. I serviceed to escort the children safely down the stairs ensuring t hey hold on to the rail and do a brain count to make surely all children were present. I performed the outdoor risk ratement using the mundane check list. The children then are supervised using the toilet and slipstream their hands spend a penny for lunch. I seat the children down at the tables ensuring they take on cleaned their hands and they bind adequate space to eat. I supply them all with a drink and we sing songs whilst the food is cosmos dished out. I dumbfound prepared the childs food separately who has the food intolerance ensuring they receive the correct meal. The child is besides supervised alimentation to mark they do not mix foods with the different children. Some children take a shit not unquestionable the skills to cut their own food so I allow for care with helping them to do that.Ensuring the meals are cool enough I then give each child a meal and ceaselessly remind them of goodish manners by saying interest and thank you. If children do not li ke the meal or essay to refuse it I will always encourage them to try it. If I am working alongside the babies the above applies except some of the babies are too young to feed themselves and have not moreover developed those skills. Babies will excessively need help with bottle feeding. I would also prepare the bottle feeds following the nursery policy. Ensuring correct formula is manifold and all bottles have been sterilised. Back in the toddler get on, a child was struggling with their food and looked like they was choking. I immediately helped the child by taking the food out of their mouth with my little finger. The child became brainsick so I comforted them until they were able to return to their meal. Meal measure are always supervised by all members of staff to help with any incidents like this. All meal times are save in the daily chart.This is where we write down what the child has eaten so we flush toilet relay this back to the parents/carers. When the children h ave finished their meal I help to clean the children up and get them ready for their good afternoon eternal rest. I assist with the toileting and other members of staff will go through and through the nappy form routine. The children in the toddler room go to find their own cat sleep mats with the aid of their name and picture tag. Most children will remove their own footwear but again some have not yet developed those skills, so I will help. Some children have their own comforters which I put out for them and I help to get them moody to sleep with gentle patting. Once the children are asleep, I ensure the room monitors are on and working, make sure the room temperature is ok and all the children have their own blankets and they are safe. I then record each child in the daily sleep chart. This chart is for ours and parents benefits.We record when they sleep and when they charge up up. As some children are unless allowed a original amount of sleep, this will help us to know w hen we have to wake them up. I then check on the children in the sleep room every 10 minutes with the aid of a timer. When children wake from their afternoon sleep they are always asked to use the toilet. Some children are hard put when they awake so I will always comfort them. The afternoon usually consists of taking the children outside for shift play. I get all their coats bags etc together and help to put their coats on. On this occasion it was a subtile solariseny day so I utilize their own sun cream following the nursery sun cream policy. I ensure they have sun hats and the sun cream is applied liberally. Before we go outside I take 4 children at a time down the stair and reiterate the importance of holding the hand rail. A head count is once again recorded and an outdoor check is done following the outdoor risk assessment. The toddlers are escorted outside figuring each child as they go. They are shortly followed by the children/babies from the circumstantial room down stairs and they all play in the same garden.The children are supervised with in ratio. As its free play time, I countenance the children to play but some children like me to join in with what they are acting with. Child A is playing with a dolls pram and child B is trying to take that away from them. I intervene and justify to child B we do not take toys from our friends when they are playing with them, its not very kind. Child B is bowl over so I took the child away and tenderd them with another toy to purloin them from child A. This works very well and child B goes by playing happily alone with the other toy. Child A is also happy and also continues to play. Shortly after another incident happened where a child has fallen and bumped their head. As I comfort the child I asked another staff member to get a cold compress. This is applied to the child for 10 minutes whilst still trying to comfort the child.The head bump is not too bad and the child soon calms down and returns p laying. I then completed an accident form following nursery policy. This is then signed by the parent when the child is collected. During the afternoon, parents/carers come to collect their children. I greet the parents and explain what their child has been doing throughout the day, taking the development off the daily record sheet. We usually have a short chat with the parents/carers about the childs day and will also take interest in their day too. We have a goodrelationship with our parents/carers and this also helps us to get to know the parents/carers and children too. After all the children have gone home, we tidy round and ensure the nursery is ready for the next day ahead.2.1 Explain the importance of pensive practice in continuously improving the quality of service provided. The nursery setting is always changing is so legion(predicate) different ways. We have new children being welcomed in to the setting and then we have children spillage through different types of tra nsitions. The service we provide must ponder the needs of the children and by constantly improving our services we goat better meet the need of the children and domiciliate their development. By constantly reflecting on out practice we can assess where we may be lacking in skills or knowledge and we can update these regularly to keep our services up to date and as supportive to the children as possible. A good example on reflective practice is, we have a child that has developed an intolerance to milk, dairy farm products etc. We have briefed all staff members with information regarding lactose free diet for this child. We have a braces of children who have off- profound 2 years and have completed the transition upstairs to the toddler room.This meant we have more babies downstairs in our tiny room and the room has been more or less equipped with more age relevant toys and equipment. If we did not reflect on this, it could hinder the development of the younger babies. Everyon e makes mistakes they are one way of checking. It is important not to waste your mistakes, so if something has gone wrong, make sure you learn from it. Discuss problems and mistakes with your supervisor, and work out how to do things differently next time.You can use reflective skills in order to learn from situations that have not worked out the way you planned. It is important that you consider carefully why things turned out the way they did and think about how you will ensure that they go according to plan next time. Talking to colleagues and supervisors is equally useful when things work out really well, as it is important to reflect on success as well as failure. If you reflect on why something worked, this will make it more likely that you can repeat it. Information interpreted from http//www.pearsonschoolsandfecolleges.co.uk/2.3 Describe how own values, belief systems and experiences may affectworking practices What we intrust in, what we see as important and what we see as acceptable or desirable is an essential part of who we are. The way in which we respond to wad is linked to what we believe in, what we consider important and what interests us. We may find we move positively to mass who share our values and less warmly to people who have different priorities. As a professionals, we are required to provide the same quality of support for all, not just for those who share our views and beliefs. The key term here is Diversity being different people are unique according to their own background, culture, personality, race, any disability, gender, religion/belief, sexual predilection and age.4.1 Identify sources of support for planning and reviewing own development. Personal development is to do with developing the personal qualities and skills that everyone needs in order to live and work with others, such as understanding, empathy, patience, communication and relationship-building. It is also to do with the development of self-confidence, conc eit and self-respect. In my setting there is always support for planning and reviewing my own development. I have already opted to improve my skills and development with a couple of course due to start in December 2014. You need to have these goals in mind What you are trying to achieve? How you are you going to achieve it? How you will be able to tell when you have achieved it?Its also helpful to further your development by asking other aggroup members, duty manager and managers. We have a fantastic team who are very helpful and are ready to give any help and advice to anyone who needs it. At my setting there are many text books, magazines and brochures with vital information I can look through if I feel need some extra information in a certain topic of interest to further my development. We also have regular appraisals to guide and encourage further development and to also address current work practice. I feel this is extremely important. This not only boosts self-esteem but als o gives management a chance to reflect on your work practice and if there is any further development training needed. Ref http//www.pearsonschoolsandfecolleges.co.uk

Analysis Of Cultural Landscape Essay

Cultural ornaments fall into three main categories. The most easily identifiable is the clearly defined landscape designed and created intentionally by man. The second category is the organically evolved landscape. The last(a) category is the associative cultural landscape. Here the analysis is on metropolis at Metrotown, which comes under the licker category. Metropolis at Metrotown is a monster promenade situated in Burnaby, the third largest metropolis in British Columbia by population, geographically sits in-between Vancouver and Port Coquitlam.The city is set(p) just outside of downtown Vancouver and has evolved from a bedroom community to an urban centre and has lots to offer, from unique shopping areas, theatre productions, sports events and many more(prenominal). The city has a mix of different religions and cultures. The ethnic identity is clearly transparent in the city, northern p ruses of Hastings Street being come up catered to Italian population, and south, M etrotown area with the mix of origins from China, South Korea and Yugoslavia.The time when SkyTrain, an automated curry with advanced rapid transit technology, was constructed in the middle of 1980s, the dramatic learning has started across the lengths and breadths of Burnaby, especially along Kingsway. This lead to the establishment of Metrotown Center in 1986, and consequently the residential areas around the commercial complex stood up in no time. Formerly the Shopping Mall was called as Metrotown Eaton Centre. But when Eaton was conclusion removing its stake, the Metropolis combined with Metrotown to form a single entity.Today this mega nerve center is the second largest in Canada. Today the expansion of the mega place plays a study factor in the multiplication of economy and revenue from foreign exchange. The mall boasts the standard of living of the population in the city by boastful employment. Job opportunities in the retail sector are expected to sum up with about 97,000 new positions becoming available by 2011. Opportunities for retail gross revenue associates, supervisors, and managers are expected to grow over the next eight years.The constitution of recruitment is compliant with Human Rights Code, and prohibits discrimination in employment due(p) to race, national or ethnic origin, citizenship, religion, age, sex, marital status, disability, language or picture of offences. This mall plays a major role as one of the attractions of tourism. The mall offers attractive tourism programs like out-of-Town visitors, Group Travel Program, coming upon Planners and Sports Organizers, Hotel Shopping Packages. With the evolution of cross culture from different walks of the people, the globalization gave the rush along to the spread of multi-national products in the city that never seen before.And these lead many more markets to see the light of the sun. This lusus naturae hall has around 220 shops, three subdivision stores, multiplex theatres, restaurants, business offices, library, dental clinic, banks, cafes, spas and many more. The raise of national exaltation in the form of Buses and SkyTrain emerged for the giant malls approachability. And these add to the income generation from the parking and gas consumption. With the success of retail market, Government is benefiting in the form of Tax on the services and products.This giant mall is now poignant the people from various walks of life. From the sales representatives to the market analysts , software engineers to librarians , cosmeticians to dentists, fashion designers to art suppliers, customer bearing executives , and the lean goes on. If roughly people come to return time in leisure, others come for partying. Round the clock this mall entertains the universal with attractive events. Some of the annual events which include Clearance sales, Job fairs hurl the place the hot spot in the city.And the calendar always offers some new events to celebrate for th e public like Fashion Shows, Music Awards, Contests and the list goes on. The mall is equipped with all necessary services to provide the public with the best shopping experience. The range of services include strollers, indulge care in the solid food appeal, a nursing room, family washroom equipped with a baby change station and a Jellybean Park Play care. For giving the accessibility to all age groups, the mall provides wheelchairs on loan with free of cost. And advanced(a) facilities are provided to the public to make their shopping enjoyable.Automated doors are located at most of the major entrances which includes Kingsway entrance, Real Canadian Superstore, Central boulevard to name a few. It is also equipped with Passenger elevators. And modern, comfortable, and clean washrooms are available and they are also wheelchair accessible. Metrotown Food court caters tasteful food to public from various cultures and geographies. It is a very grand food court than the food courts of other malls in Burnaby. One can find siamese connection food, or a Korean cuisine ,or a restaurant fashioning Caesar salad from Opa , along with the well known Burger King or A&W.The giant mall provides community rooms for the charities and non-profit organizations to make use of the infrastructure for the eudaemonia of the community. Not only that, each year Metropolis at Metrotown donates closely $1 million to charities and non-profit organizations, without discrimination on the basis of race, sex, or creed, to sharpen the lives of the people in the community. Today the giant mall is one of the entire parts of the society and plays a significant role in the citys economy and touches the lives of the people around the world, round the clock. ReferencesAnonymous (n. d) BCIT sell Marketing Management Program . Retrieved promenade 26, 2008, from Anonymous (June, 2007) Metrotown Food approach . Retrieved March 26, 2008, from Anonymous (n. d) Tourism Programs . Retrieved March 26, 2008, from Anonymous (n. d) Cultural Landscapes Categories and Subcategories . Retrieved March 26, 2008, from

Conformity

One of hostelry popular issues alignity, is the act of one singular bidly to change his or her thoughts, behaviors, and attitudes in order to fit in a group or to conserve social norms. Norms be understood as unspoken, invisible rules appe bed by a group of mint thus spread out to the tot bothy community. unanimity occurs in various environment and situations, which way trends, plastic surgery, and tattooed citizenry be several(prenominal) typical examples (depends on the case). Further much, when talking about the fleck where compliancy rules over, is which we argon most familiar with the naturalise.First of all, we spur tooth possibly date stamp that schooling managers, staffs and teachers atomic number 18 the ones who directly apply conformity on students. Rules and punishments which are thought to organize and unite everyone but the reality is reverse. These excessive and exuberant ones constrain student from superfluousdom, that later on make tahem afr aid Of schools, studying, and conform hope littlely although their brain are opposing. Plus, the approach of rigid and severe educating immediately leads to reducing curiosity and creativity in students.This problem draws in non one but many different countries, hence takes art in declining the developing cultivation. Besides, in that respect is tranquillize a minority of teachers who are resolved enough to reject any students new innovative resolutions so as to protect their ego. Yet an early(a) outcome of the conformity doctrine is regularise examinations. Future of the humanity should be tested on their personalized and specific abilities to engineer for life, non just narrow and impractical plain papers to figuratively test our memory which then disappears like it never happensIt whitethorn be exaggerated but somehow, schools apply make us involved in either a batch or flow production, waiting or an pass judgmentable diploma to apply for ordinary jobs with and expe ctation of watchting come income In another aspect, students ourselves are conformist as well. From observation, in that respect are principal(prenominal)ly three rateable reasons why students conform, and one of them is lacking of knowledge. In a group work or class period, those who are not as clever as others usually listen to every involvement discussed or take to task assuming they are all correct.They make themselves lower than their friends, follow orders when doing a project, or obey the rules unconditionally. The second type are whom we grass sibyl cry (out) trend followers. These individuals are the one who would buy a mate of shoes that has similar brand to other majorities in school rear on sweaters in a boiling temperature of 35 C beca accustom fashion icons in Russia develop them or even mimic the same tattoo as their idols.Their needs of affection and admiration from others egressing in conformity that they command to mimic everything from the loved ones Finally, the third and too why students conform is that they are yearning to be protected they would avoid any action leads to contrast or making them an outcast. Anything that mess harmful is of all time on their color-list including arguments, bullying, unfavorable judgment therefore they ignore their individuation to make themselves be like the majority.We gage find these kind of students everywhere acquiesce on every last made despite of having different opinion suddenly draw back their arms after take oning no one raises theirs up or more than unin itemiseigible like one claiming he or she has not finish the assignment which is supposed to be done already, just beca hold there are few people study completed the task. Overall, how conformity affects education beneficially or contrary, is sedate beatable. To consider in a ordained way, the fact that conformity provides cooperation and acceptance is undeniable.It keeps students from engaging in anti-social acts for fear of closing strike plus ensures security. Conformity is metaphorically like an established path for us to follow without deliberation and therefore make a great financial aid since we are not capable of everything. Moreover, besides self-completing, it as well as maintains social norms, discipline, and intimately operates school via obedient kids. However, many argue that conformity brings up more draw backs than its advantages. Taking as an example the school bell.When it rings, the whole school jointly moves to another location to start another activity as now it is controlled by an audio signal. Clearly, there are logistical issues to consider if we are to safely and effectively manage a volatile school population of over SHOO young people, but are there any less militaristic ways to operate? When will we see schools acting less like prison houses or military bases, and more like places where learning can real(a)ly be enjoyed? It is clean that schools should be founded on diversity not on conformity.Yet to achieve this involves not only a warm consideration of the development of individuals and their specific abilities, but also on the need for each school to create its own distinct indistinguishability within its community. It is not only the schools duty to apply conformity aright but also our accurate perception that does. Do you want to befit one of a mass chain of approximate dolls that people always see you as one tiny part of a group, or a distinct star shining in the dark throw out? Whether good or not, remember that cosmos yourself is the bestConformity discriminate how authors deal with the subject of conformity in 2 schoolbooks you use up studied. In the short stories The draftsmanship by Shelley capital of Mississippi and Harrison grow by advantage jolt both(prenominal) divvy up the common subject of conformity. This Is shown by means of and through the opus of convention of personal identity that defies union rules ca n turn up In hardship and shoemakers last which slake exists in all societies. Shelley and reward introduce the main melodic account through the use of portions, symbols and Context (Irony) both overlap similarities and differences between texts. In The draught and Harrison grow the vulcanized fibers are use to exhibit the musical theme of verbal press oution of Individuality that defies societys rules can termination In violations and finale which still exists In all societies. This Is shown through the two mall characters from each text, egg and Harrison burgeon. In The Lottery the mall character crank Is shown to defy societys In ninefold ways. She turns up late and forgets to descend on time, she protests that she wins The Lottery and she also tries to get the decision changed. After nut defying societys rules it results In remainder and violations.In these scenes, the hem is shown through the main character Testis because she as a individual defies soci etys rules, in this case Testis refuses and doesnt accept that she has won and defies her victory, she doesnt which then results in her death and distress. In Harrison burgeon, the main character Harrison also defies society rules and regulations. Everyone is inevitable to stretch out handicaps which overthrow their advantages and make everyone the same. This is shown in the scenes where he breaks out of prison and takes off his handicaps in battlefront of everyone.When Harrison defies these ales it results in his death and visitation. Harrison expresses his identity by winning his handicaps and dancing which symbolizes exemption, the one thing that the Handicapper general doesnt agree with, hence Harridans visitation. In both texts both characters defy societys rules by expressing laissez faire which then results in visitation. Symbolism is apply in both texts to portray the theme of cheek of indistinguishability that defies societys rules can result in visitation and dea th which still exists in all societies.In The lottery, an principal(prenominal) symbol is the dingy disaster intonating all the names, this gives the effect that everyone is detain inside(a) this corner and trap inside their societys traditions and rules, this also symbolizes the towns loss of freedom because everyone is trapped. This also explains how non-reactive they are to the actual awful events that occur In front of them (stoning the girl) this may suggest that they are so trapped Inside their traditions that they waste erect given up and fixed to accept what will happen Instead of exhausting to leakage the traditions and the black cuff.In hindsight, the black box Is a symbol of entrapment towards the unspoiled. In Harrison grow the irons that everyone Is forced to wear to reduce their advantages and talents so everyone Is equal Is use to symbolism the peoples entrapment and loss of freedom. Generally set up symbolism entrapment and Imprisonment, this relate s In the text because everyone has to wear fetter, so they have break trapped and lost their freedom. This also may explain how oblivious and refreshing they act towards their handicaps (people In the theatre), they have drive so trapped by the handicapper general that they have acceptedHarrison Burgeon because the black box and the shackles resemble entrapment and imprisonment. The black box and chains are portrayed to disparage and stops the expression of individuality that may go against society rules resulting in death. Context and language features plays a gigantic factor in The Lottery and Harrison Burgeon to portray the theme of expression of individuality that defies societys rules can result in visitation and death which still exists in all societies.In The Lottery chaff is used when Mr. and Mrs. Adams tell Warner that some resolutions have given up he Lottery and he replies with future(a) thing you know, theyll be scatty to go back to hold in caves this is hum ourous because while other villages have moved on this village is still doing this guile tradition, this ironic quote also alludes to the cavemen and how they would do something so barbaric and stone people to death, but they are Just as bad if not worse.This suggests how concealment and positive people pay back when individuality is not expressed and everyone agrees with societies rules. The reach is also described as clear and sunny fresh warmth of a full summer-day, this is ironic because disregardless of the survive being described as beautiful and happy the result of an innocuous persons people is dark and sinister, not happy at all.In Harrison Burgeon raillery is shown through how mainly in most societies people who are intelligent, strong and good looking generally have easy and more precious lifes, but In Harrison Burgeon these people are made to lodge a harder life, and less attractive, weaker and less intelligent live easier lives collectable to the smaller am ounts of handicaps. Harrison is portrayed as being the perfect specimen of what the overspent are trying to reduce, the irony is that giving Harrison harder and more handicaps only made him stronger than weaker, this is shown when he breaks free and expresses freedom towards the audience.The irony in both The Lottery and Harrison Burgeon In conclusion, The Lottery by Shelley Jackson and Harrison Burgeon by Vantage Jar both apportion a common theme of expression of individuality that defies societys rules can result in visitation and death which still exists in all societies. This is shown through the use of characters, Testis and Harrison both share a common aspect of expressing individuality and they both defies societys rule, which both results in visitation and death.Symbols, the chains and black box both resemble entrapment and imprisonment. Context, irony is used in both texts to express the theme of conformity because it shows how blind and arrogant people become when they fo llow blind traditions and rules. This theme is important because it shows the consequences of not expressing individuality and only pursuance rules. Also it allows the reader to fancy what can happen to people when they conform.ConformityCompare how authors deal with the subject of conformity in two texts you have studied. In the short stories The Lottery by Shelley Jackson and Harrison Burgeon by Vantage Jar both share the common subject of conformity. This Is shown through the theme of expression of individuality that defies society rules can result In visitation and death which still exists in all societies. Shelley and Vantage portray the main theme through the use of characters, symbols and Context (Irony) both sharing similarities and differences between texts. In The Lottery and HarrisonBurgeon the characters are used to portray the theme of expression of Individuality that defies societys rules can result In violations and death which still exists In all societies. This Is shown through the two mall characters from each text, Testis and Harrison Burgeon. In The Lottery the mall character Testis Is shown to defy societys In multiple ways. She turns up late and forgets to arrive on time, she protests that she wins The Lottery and she also tries to get the decision changed. After Testis defying societys rules it results In death and violations.In these scenes, the hem is shown through the main character Testis because she as a individual defies societys rules, in this case Testis refuses and doesnt accept that she has won and defies her victory, she doesnt which then results in her death and visitation. In Harrison Burgeon, the main character Harrison also defies society rules and regulations. Everyone is required to wear handicaps which reduce their advantages and make everyone the same. This is shown in the scenes where he breaks out of prison and takes off his handicaps in front of everyone.When Harrison defies these ales it results in his death and visitation. Harrison expresses his individuality by taking his handicaps and dancing which symbolizes freedom, the one thing that the Handicapper general doesnt agree with, hence Harridans visitation. In both texts both characters defy societys rules by expressing individuality which then results in visitation. Symbolism is used in both texts to portray the theme of expression of individuality that defies societys rules can result in visitation and death which still exists in all societies.In The lottery, an important symbol is the black box intonating all the names, this gives the effect that everyone is trapped inside this box and trapped inside their societys traditions and rules, this also symbolizes the towns loss of freedom because everyone is trapped. This also explains how non-reactive they are to the actual horrible events that occur In front of them (stoning the girl) this may suggest that they are so trapped Inside their traditions that they have Just given up and decided to accept what will happen Instead of trying to escape the traditions and the black box.In hindsight, the black box Is a symbol of entrapment towards the unspoiled. In Harrison Burgeon the chains that everyone Is forced to wear to reduce their advantages and talents so everyone Is equal Is used to symbolism the peoples entrapment and loss of freedom. Generally chains symbolism entrapment and Imprisonment, this relates In the text because everyone has to wear chains, so they have become trapped and lost their freedom. This also may explain how oblivious and acceptable they act towards their handicaps (people In the theatre), they have become so trapped by the handicapper general that they have acceptedHarrison Burgeon because the black box and the chains resemble entrapment and imprisonment. The black box and chains are portrayed to minimize and stops the expression of individuality that may go against society rules resulting in death. Context and language features plays a huge fact or in The Lottery and Harrison Burgeon to portray the theme of expression of individuality that defies societys rules can result in visitation and death which still exists in all societies.In The Lottery irony is used when Mr. and Mrs. Adams tell Warner that some villages have given up he Lottery and he replies with Next thing you know, theyll be wanting to go back to living in caves this is ironic because while other villages have moved on this village is still doing this blind tradition, this ironic quote also alludes to the cavemen and how they would do something so barbaric and stone people to death, but they are Just as bad if not worse.This suggests how blind and arrogant people become when individuality is not expressed and everyone agrees with societies rules. The setting is also described as clear and sunny fresh warmth of a full summer-day, this is ironic because regardless of the weather being described as beautiful and happy the result of an innocent persons people is da rk and sinister, not happy at all.In Harrison Burgeon irony is shown through how generally in most societies people who are intelligent, strong and good looking generally have easy and more valued lifes, but In Harrison Burgeon these people are made to live a harder life, and less attractive, weaker and less intelligent live easier lives due to the smaller amounts of handicaps. Harrison is portrayed as being the perfect specimen of what the overspent are trying to reduce, the irony is that giving Harrison harder and more handicaps only made him stronger than weaker, this is shown when he breaks free and expresses freedom towards the audience.The irony in both The Lottery and Harrison Burgeon In conclusion, The Lottery by Shelley Jackson and Harrison Burgeon by Vantage Jar both share a common theme of expression of individuality that defies societys rules can result in visitation and death which still exists in all societies. This is shown through the use of characters, Testis and Ha rrison both share a common aspect of expressing individuality and they both defies societys rule, which both results in visitation and death.Symbols, the chains and black box both resemble entrapment and imprisonment. Context, irony is used in both texts to express the theme of conformity because it shows how blind and arrogant people become when they follow blind traditions and rules. This theme is important because it shows the consequences of not expressing individuality and only following rules. Also it allows the reader to understand what can happen to people when they conform.ConformityCompare how authors deal with the subject of conformity in two texts you have studied. In the short stories The Lottery by Shelley Jackson and Harrison Burgeon by Vantage Jar both share the common subject of conformity. This Is shown through the theme of expression of individuality that defies society rules can result In visitation and death which still exists in all societies. Shelley and Vanta ge portray the main theme through the use of characters, symbols and Context (Irony) both sharing similarities and differences between texts. In The Lottery and HarrisonBurgeon the characters are used to portray the theme of expression of Individuality that defies societys rules can result In violations and death which still exists In all societies. This Is shown through the two mall characters from each text, Testis and Harrison Burgeon. In The Lottery the mall character Testis Is shown to defy societys In multiple ways. She turns up late and forgets to arrive on time, she protests that she wins The Lottery and she also tries to get the decision changed. After Testis defying societys rules it results In death and violations.In these scenes, the hem is shown through the main character Testis because she as a individual defies societys rules, in this case Testis refuses and doesnt accept that she has won and defies her victory, she doesnt which then results in her death and visitatio n. In Harrison Burgeon, the main character Harrison also defies society rules and regulations. Everyone is required to wear handicaps which reduce their advantages and make everyone the same. This is shown in the scenes where he breaks out of prison and takes off his handicaps in front of everyone.When Harrison defies these ales it results in his death and visitation. Harrison expresses his individuality by taking his handicaps and dancing which symbolizes freedom, the one thing that the Handicapper general doesnt agree with, hence Harridans visitation. In both texts both characters defy societys rules by expressing individuality which then results in visitation. Symbolism is used in both texts to portray the theme of expression of individuality that defies societys rules can result in visitation and death which still exists in all societies.In The lottery, an important symbol is the black box intonating all the names, this gives the effect that everyone is trapped inside this box a nd trapped inside their societys traditions and rules, this also symbolizes the towns loss of freedom because everyone is trapped. This also explains how non-reactive they are to the actual horrible events that occur In front of them (stoning the girl) this may suggest that they are so trapped Inside their traditions that they have Just given up and decided to accept what will happen Instead of trying to escape the traditions and the black box.In hindsight, the black box Is a symbol of entrapment towards the unspoiled. In Harrison Burgeon the chains that everyone Is forced to wear to reduce their advantages and talents so everyone Is equal Is used to symbolism the peoples entrapment and loss of freedom. Generally chains symbolism entrapment and Imprisonment, this relates In the text because everyone has to wear chains, so they have become trapped and lost their freedom. This also may explain how oblivious and acceptable they act towards their handicaps (people In the theatre), they have become so trapped by the handicapper general that they have acceptedHarrison Burgeon because the black box and the chains resemble entrapment and imprisonment. The black box and chains are portrayed to minimize and stops the expression of individuality that may go against society rules resulting in death. Context and language features plays a huge factor in The Lottery and Harrison Burgeon to portray the theme of expression of individuality that defies societys rules can result in visitation and death which still exists in all societies.In The Lottery irony is used when Mr. and Mrs. Adams tell Warner that some villages have given up he Lottery and he replies with Next thing you know, theyll be wanting to go back to living in caves this is ironic because while other villages have moved on this village is still doing this blind tradition, this ironic quote also alludes to the cavemen and how they would do something so barbaric and stone people to death, but they are Just as bad i f not worse.This suggests how blind and arrogant people become when individuality is not expressed and everyone agrees with societies rules. The setting is also described as clear and sunny fresh warmth of a full summer-day, this is ironic because regardless of the weather being described as beautiful and happy the result of an innocent persons people is dark and sinister, not happy at all.In Harrison Burgeon irony is shown through how generally in most societies people who are intelligent, strong and good looking generally have easy and more valued lifes, but In Harrison Burgeon these people are made to live a harder life, and less attractive, weaker and less intelligent live easier lives due to the smaller amounts of handicaps. Harrison is portrayed as being the perfect specimen of what the overspent are trying to reduce, the irony is that giving Harrison harder and more handicaps only made him stronger than weaker, this is shown when he breaks free and expresses freedom towards t he audience.The irony in both The Lottery and Harrison Burgeon In conclusion, The Lottery by Shelley Jackson and Harrison Burgeon by Vantage Jar both share a common theme of expression of individuality that defies societys rules can result in visitation and death which still exists in all societies. This is shown through the use of characters, Testis and Harrison both share a common aspect of expressing individuality and they both defies societys rule, which both results in visitation and death.Symbols, the chains and black box both resemble entrapment and imprisonment. Context, irony is used in both texts to express the theme of conformity because it shows how blind and arrogant people become when they follow blind traditions and rules. This theme is important because it shows the consequences of not expressing individuality and only following rules. Also it allows the reader to understand what can happen to people when they conform.

Bad Cafeteria FoodFinal

However, this plainly my opinion bout how feel about overt takedays viands, precisely I result get more(prenominal) in-depth with this issue afterwards in this research. The History Poor nutrition has been a task for historic period in the public school dodging and contri excepting to clawhood obesity. originally childhood obesity became an issue and what kind of nutrition a child was receiving from outside the home, people would come home from school/work to deplete lunch with their family. However, the concept of cafeteria school lunch choice did not represent in the early years (1930-1960).While time concernd to move forward, the perfect of installing vending machines begin to emerge in a a few(prenominal) public schools. Cafeterias today lean more towards federal nutritional recommendations, regional culinary preferences, and portion sizes to cut down on provender greet for that particular school district. The question often comes up how health is cafeteria viands in public schools? There atomic number 18 numerous factors that points to the fact on that point is un rosy-cheeked eating in school. However when the pabulum is prepared, the cafeteria has a astronomic crowd to feed, therefore nutrition is their least worries.I imagine that the school remains wouldnt spend the extra money on better nutrition intellectual nourishments for the students. In recent surrey, taste court and convenience were the main factors in why students choose to eat this unhealthy fodder. Environmental Stance From an environmental prospective, al virtually public school systems are reaching out to local farmers and producers for their products. By get their products from local farmers and producers, this go away cut down on cost and slow down global warming through transportation.The public schools that continue to outsource their products, it has a high chance of bringing in parasites and bare-assed(prenominal) insects. I think school food env ironment plays a immense role in society and contributes to childhood obesity. There a some health risks that is associated with childhood obesity. The school cafeterias allow the students to purchase junk food and extras doing lunch hours. Although the students define a big transition from grade direct to a higher grade level, their appetite gets bigger and requires more food consumptions.As the student gets older, they exit become more particular on what they penury to stray in their body, and without the practice of eating healthy, this could bring up health risks. This exemplifies that practicing eating healthy brook contribute to an ongoing healthy lifestyle. What Can Be Done? I think that I have concluded that cafeteria food is unhealthy for students in public schools. However, think this could be neuter with the make up steps and strong support from the parents and staff. Once the correct changes have been put into place, I think the public school system could also promote a healthy eating lifestyle.So now the question is what is the solution to this task? Finding a Solution We know that cafeteria food is bad for the students in the public school systems and the contribution to childhood obesity. The Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010, set nutrition standards for all food served in schools (school feeding) to promote an early healthy lifestyle. However, since the problem has been revealed, the next thing to do is to put in a solution and advantages. There are a few options that I will discuss later during this research on different solutions that may foil this ongoing problem.Hunger-Free The Hunger-Free Act of 201 0 improved the health of 32 one thousand thousand children that ate school lunches the whole time during their enrollment. (school Nutrition) A sens of these improvements came from shrinking the meal size that the students were receiving. For example, some schools offered the students fruits instead of extra meats. The authorities r eleased new changes in the duration such as, low calories meals and whole iota breads. Because of the establishment stepping in, a campaign was put in place to stiffen the number of overweight students through exercise and a healthier lifestyle.Advantages From a political stand point, the government has organized syllabuss to help the growing problem of childhood obesity as I fixd earlier. The program will add more fruits and green vegetables to breakfast and lunches with less salt usage. (school Nutrition) Therefore, the government also added to reduced starchy foods like rice and potatoes. The government estimates that the rules will add about 33. Billion in costs to the program for an efficient use. (Cafeteria Food and Economic) think that the improvements that the government is doing will strike the rapid rate of childhood obesity. From our perspective, the new rules improve school nutrition, but at the same time give schools flexibility to serve a variety of foods to meet the standards, said Carrey Henry. Some school districts are play to their local farmers and producers to cut down on global warming. This is an advantage because, by getting the products locally the gas usage that is use doing shipping and which nephrotoxic chemicals are been release into the atmosphere. Another advantage is that there will be fewer chemicals used to preserve the produce as its been shipped to the school.An estimated 25 percent of the greenhouse gas emissions produced by people in industrialized nations disregard be traced to the food they eat Cafeteria Food and Global Warming 2008). I think that this is a reasonable solution to help the environment while food is being disbursed throughout the school system. School meal programs across the farming are run somewhat like restaurants, relying on federal and state subsidies that often make decisions for them. Cafeteria Food and Economic) However, when the federal government is complicated more money can be moved around rapidly and put to its proper use or plans. The federal government provides $2. 7 per meal for students eligible for a reduced-price lunch and 23 cents for students who pay full-price for their lunch. By lowering the price for meals, I think that will the student more money to eat a reimbursable lunch and breakfast during enrollment in school. The federal government helps the school system by providing funds and brightens up the economic side of things. Finding a Weakness There are many things that could be done to improve the food thats being served of the public school cafeterias. However, there are only so many ideals that can be brought up to a discussion about ways to make the food healthier.The federal government tends to oversee these things in the public systems, but its up to the student parents to enforce these rules and make sure their kids are getting the proper nutrition. Therefore, if there are some advantages, I am sort of sure that there are some disadvantag es among these solutions. The Disadvantage When you hear the parole disadvantage what is the first thing that comes to our mind? However, school cafeteria food run may contain a number of unhealthy choices, most school cafeterias do include nutritious foods as well. I think most of the unhealthy food that is provided by the school, operates of the government budget which equals poor prize food for the students that attend that particular school district. Earlier in this research, I stated a few advantages that I feel may calculate this situation in the correct direction. I hope that the disadvantages that I will state later in this research will not change your thoughts on the advantages. Stated Disadvantages Obesity is rising in the school system because of the poor nutrition that the students are receiving.Economy sits and psychologists are developing a new set of tools that promise to help relax the tension between these twain competing views of school lunches. (Cafeteria Fo od and Disadvantages) However, one economic disadvantage is limited budgets for buy ingredients that go into a meal. Public schools are in the direst shape with only $1 per plate available for actual food costs. (Cafeteria Food and Disadvantages) By the school being limited on what ingredients to by, that old be a disadvantage to supplying poor nutrition to students.

Computer and Internet Effects on Society

In todays society the human being could non function 10 minutes without the technology it has readily avail sufficient for its inhabitants. The world today is too depended on the convienience that these products of future abilities offer. They throw off esteemment, bleed, social networking, education, and dialogue so much easier. However, thither be some signifi rottert prejudicious effects like, eye sight problems, social problems, and general laziness issues. The top dog is, do estimators and internet utility or devastate society.Computers and internet has march on humanity in various demeanors. One personal manner includes typing studys. so unrivalledr computers were invented mint had to use typewriters which were much slower and if the writer made a drift, he or she would wipe out to cover it up with purity sign rather than backspacing. Another example of something that computers and the internet have changed, is the way people be entertained. Not only can a individual monkey games on a computer, but they can also watch movies, socialize, sense new people, listen to music, and create extremely awing works of art.Also originally computers and the internet, the only way of gaining knowledge was literally through others speeches or nurture articles, books, magazines, or both other printed document. Now, computers and the internet makes all of this incredibly convenient. In todays society people more than than likely could not even function without the internet, let al bingle gain knowledge because more and more kids be reading less and less books due to the internet. In most ways computers be beneficial to society, one major way is through that of the work force play.In general, a computer makes typing, which is needed by almost every profession in one way or another, easier to do. Computers are much faster than old typewriters and obviously faster than hand write anything. Another reason why they make typing more convenien t is the backspace key. Back when it was the typewriter, if a person made a mistake while typing they had to take out the paper and put white ink over the mistake. Or if it was a giant mistake, the writer would indeed have to take a completely new piece of paper and start anew.Also, instead of looking up how to spell word in the dictionary or knowing how to spell every word in the English language, if the writer were to misspell a word on the computer, it would translate an derror on the scree, therefore reducing mistakes as well. In saying this, computers just a vast amount of paper due to not writing directly on the paper itself. Another way computers benefit the work force is through email. These instant messages go from person to person, or from one person to a quantity of people.This, compared to writing out one letter, or even making multiple letters, saves prison term and is more convenient. Again this rule will save paper which in turn helps save the environment. eve n so another great example of how computers and internet benefit the work force is through online communication. A specific example of this is video bellows. A person who needs to go crosswise the world to present something to a note partner for example, could easily just setup a video call and presen right from his or her own office to another computer somewhere else.This gaain is convenient in saving traveling time and saving specie the person would have to spend to travel to wherever was needed. Furthermore, another benefit is a job itself. With todays technology people have designing careers that need a computer to make, view, or edit photos and movies. They can take a picture with a camera, upload it to a computer, and arrive their own form of artwork on the photo. In general there are countless ways that computers effect the work force. Another major benefit computers have to offer is that they improve everyday normal living.One way they do this is by helping people eff t heir financials. With a computer, a person can open a spreadsheet, create a budget, and manage that budget over time. This could help a person save specie in the long run. Also, computers come with on board calculators so there is no need of getting one yourself. Another way computers make everyday life better is that in all appliances, microwaves, ovens, televisions, washer and dryers etcetera , and handheld devices, mp3s, phones, or any other media device, all have whats called embedded systems which is like a mini on board computer.Without these systems our slipstream would take longer to clean, our food would be harder to prepare, and entertainment like movies, shows, or music, might not even exist. Also, people can go onto the internet to research a product before they buy it. This would save time and money because instead of going to the store to ask customer complement about a product, a person can look up online what the product has to offer. Order it if they would like, and someone else can deliver it for them. Although these tasks can be done without a computer, the invention makes doing such tasks much easier. An example of this is something antecedently mentioned, entertainment. People are able to gate millions of websites that offer movies, short videos, games, or music. Because these are so easy to get to people can entertain themselves as much as they would by going out to the movies or going to an arcade. Something else that computers make easy is making flyers. There are computer programs that help a person setup any type of card they need, which would save money rather than going out and buying one from a store. Yet another ability computers make easier is communicating with people.People are able to go online and get on video bring down and prate to someone across the world with no problem. If a family member is on vacation and would like to blither with you more than over the phone, he or she could just open up a computer and be t ake care to face with whoever theyd like. Also, online gaming provides a vast opportunity to talk with people. The chat boxes that these games provide hosts hundreds, or even thousands of people at a time, all able to talk with each other. Along these same lines lies online chat rooms.People can get on one of these websites and talk with people from close to the world, this function is sometimes used for online dating as well. If these ways of communication are not available then there are always emails. These are like notes passed to one another but instead of across the room, its to wherever the sender would like. Communication with others is growing as an industriousness of computers by children, particularly as more homes and schools gain access to the internet. A fourth way computers and internet impact society is through education.Computers are becoming less and less expensive so schools are able to afford more and more of them. Computers can help kids learn by having soft ware that teaches them the needed information for a class. Also, with the internet, kids have millions of sources to gather for any necessary research papers or projects. There are online textbooks, so if a kid forgets his or her book at school, they can access the exact same information online. Another example is that online games that educate are very helpful to learning children.

SWOT and 4 P’s analysis

gather deli very(prenominal)man is a phoner corporal to manage and run Fort savior tourist attraction adroitness in a tourist attraction centre. The connection has been in course for over years and it attracts customers from al over the world. The target commercialize of the customers includes historians, vacation makers and other people who want to learn ab start slave mint and Arab-Portugal war.The company has much strength and weaknesses which make the company exist. Fort Jesus at the time of incorporation was a viable concept in an industry that was growing in on the whole sectors. The target customers want an actively engaged in exploration, learning, discovering, entertaining, and holiday making. Fort Jesus has an advantage as the only company with a vision of exploring history about the Arab and the Portugal war in the coastal towns of Africa. The industry they operate in ha very few competitors and step-up has been observed in every company that is in operation( p) to the industry.The company has cashed in since it is infancy on the expanding and high return of market to accumulate huge financial resources that enables them to collect tralatitious artifacts from several(a) parts of the continent and other continents. The company offers services such as traditional dances including the Brazil samba dance, the Mijikenda dance, the Hindu dance and the Chinese acrobatics.This has help the company to move to greater heights in terms of market share. They have also contracted international media companies like CNN to market them as the best museum to visit to get what you cannot get nearwhere else. Fort Jesus objectives are to consider what works and what does not work.Through this, they have carried out research about motley museums and attractions to museum and discover that the best concept is to add majority of collections from diverse parts of the world. The company has employed the best clement resources in marketing and customer c are who receives customers and markets the services of the company to various groups in various parts of the world. The company also has participated in various trade sensibles, marketing, tourism attraction totalitys including the Chinese 2008 Olympic trade fair which was to market some tourist attraction centers in China.The services of Fort Jesus are well priced to attract customers of various categories. However, the market of the company is segmented into foreign and locals. The company is well positioned in an expanse that attracts tourists of all walks of life. It is also nearer to a university that specializes in Art and Museum education. It is at the center of an international airport and the second deepest port in the world. The road networks of the area where the museum is situated is well maintained thereof any visitor thus any visitor will have no problem of accessing the facility.The companys biggest challenge is competition from other facilities from similar compa nies operating in various parts of the world who are also collecting traditional artifacts from various parts of the world to create a niche of products. The growth in the industry is encouraging although there is a pattern that protects some of the artifacts from being accessed.REFERENCESArmstrong G. & Kotler P. (2007). Consumer Markets Influences on consumer behavior, Principles of Marketing. ICMR Case Studies and Management Resources. (2007). Consumer Behavior. Retrieved January 20, 2008 from http//www.icmrindia.org/courseware/Consumer%20Behavior/CBC03.htlm Kotler, P. (2005) Principles of Marketing. New York.Melbourne Press Schaik J.L., (2002) The confinement of Marketing Management J.L. van Schaik (Pity) ltdWiner, R.S. (2007). Marketing Management, Prentice Hall, Upper bicycle seat River, NJ.

Thermal Coating

Among the components exposed to heat load, plumbers helper of internal combustion railway locomotive is subject to maximum thermal stress. The capacious temperature gradient the speculator will cause structural deformation handicap of lubricant and amplification the clearance between the cylinder liner and plumbers helper there by causing more noise, vibration degrees in the locomotive engine run life, the non- uniform temperature gradient arise owing damage of plunger especially crown region. Experimental study is conducted on single cylinder 5hp diesel engine in order to find the improved procedure when a ceramic coating is given especially in the piston crown.Among the ceramics, Yttria partially stabilized Zirconia (YPSZ) is being favoured for diesel engines since its co streamlined of thermal expansion is close to those of metals used in piston. This avoids problems relating to difference in thermal expansion between metallic and thermal parts which in addition incre ases its durability. Compared to the conventional engine (without coating over the piston crown) the modified engine (with ceramic coating over the piston crown) did not produce whatsoever observable knock in the engine, no significant wear of piston crown.Various graphs are drawn to check the improved performance of the engine when it is at with and without ceramic coating on the piston crown, and found that there is 5-6% change magnitude in SFC, 4-5% increase in brake thermal efficiency and 8-9% increase in mechanical efficiency. INTRODUCTION caloric barrier coatings were originally unquestionable for air craft engine applications in 1940 only recently form they been modified and tested for use in diesel engines.Although diesel engines has greater compressive loads and more frequent thermal shocks, in additional, diesel TBCs must cope with contaminants (Sodium, Vanadium, Sulphur ) often found in abase grade fuels. If these difference in engine operating conditions are handl e when choosing and applying a T. B. C premature failure of the coating can result. diesel TBCs are coating systems metallic bond coat and ceramic topcoat applied by the plasma thermal spray make control of total coating thickness is critical. If not maintained inside 0. 8mm, spallation of the coating can occur due to uneven heating and chilling of the process of the topcoats, Robotic thermal crop-dusting provides the required thickness and compare determine with established standards. Basically, there are common chord techniques of thermal spraying. The basic teaching is the same for all (i. e. ) material is melted and propelled as finely atomized towards the tail end as the particle strike the aerofoil they flatten and form burn platelets that conform and adhere to the irregularity of the prepared surface and to each other.The three techniques differ essentially in the fuel and the method of heating/ warming used. These differences give to the advantage and limitations which to considerable extent govern their range of applications. Thermal spraying infact is a group of processes i. e. , 1. Surface preparation and 2. Thermal spraying Both are basically important as far as quantity of the coating is concern. Coating of a material on a substance is made to serve in the specific environment and service conditions.It is possible only if the coating is adherent to the surface of the component, on which it is sprayed, tthroughout its reclaimable life. If the coating flakes off or leaves the surface, the entire effort will go waste. The adhesion and other properties of the coating mainly depend on the surface condition of the substrate.

Mat540: Statistics Concepts for Research Paper

childhood Obesity Mat540 statistical Concepts for Research I Childhood fleshiness is a growing caper in the United States. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, around 12. 5 million children and teens argon obese. There argon many things that contri juste to this pestilential like poor diet and lack of physical activities to name a few. In this paper I will figure out if on that point is a correlation between childhood obesity and instill cafeteria food. more than people feel that school cafeteria food is partly to blame for childhood obesity. I believe this is an example of correlation and causation.Data analysts often jump to excessive conclusions by mistaking an observed correlation for a cause-and-effect relationship. A spirited sample correlation coefficient does not necessarily signify a causative relation between two variables (Johnson, (2010). Though I believe schools monkey a particularly critical role by establishing a estimable and sup portive environment with policies and practices that support wellnessy behaviors. Schools also provide opportunities for students to run into about and practice healthy eating and physical activity behaviors. still they should not be blamed schools for childhood obesity.Studies regarding childhood obesity use up to consider socio-economic background, genetics, what is tough at home, and if parents are obese before schools fucking be blamed. Obesity is a problem that affects Americans at an alarming crop across all age, race, and gender categories. zero(prenominal) atomic number 53 group is immune to the causes, natural events, and the recent increases in the rate of obesity. However, what may be of greatest interrelate for researchers is the fact that while Americans enjoys an more and more higher standard of living obesity among children continues to grow.Nevertheless, there is to date no cure, or even universal intervention for the problem of childhood obesity. This is partly due to an inability to precisely smash the cause, or causes, of the increases. Thus, we are left with a debate over which causes recitation the greatest role in childhood obesity and a overplus of prevention and treatment theories. Yet at the same judgment of conviction, it is clear that the occurrence of childhood obesity places those afflicted at increased risk of health problems now and in the future.Over weight unit and poor sustainment of children in the United States are becoming issues of increasing concern for public health. Dietary patterns of U. S. children indicate that they are consuming too little fruits and vegetables and too many foods high in fat and sugar. Contributed to this pattern of food consumption is snacking, which is reported to be on the increase amongst adults and children alike. One place where snacking is under increased scrutiny, where it is being increasingly criticized, is in U. S. chools, where snack foods are often to sold to supplement undermanned budgets (Crooks, (2003). Essentially gravid and obesity result from energy imbalance. The body necessitate a certain amount of energy (calories) from food to sustain prefatory life functions. Body weight is maintained when calories eaten equals the number of calories the body expends, or burns. When more calories are consumed than burned, energy balance is tipped toward weight gain, overweight, and obesity. Genetic, environmental, behavioral, and socioeconomic factors can all lead to overweight and obesity (Butte, (2007).Although some school cafeterias get a failing grade in nutrition, others are working hard to serve healthy meals for breakfast and tiffin and to banish toss out food from the premises. According to a new survey (Alliance for a healthy Generation, 2009), most parents want schools to limit students access to high-calorie, low-nutrient chips, sodas, and candy and to provide more opportunities for physical activity throughout the day. I remember my days in school when lunch consisted of fries, pizza and burgers. Today schools are trying to commit their students some healthy options.However teachers cannot force children to eat healthy food and influence on a regular basis. They can provide children with a dear(p) idea of what foods that they should and should not eat. However this information is rendered useless if parents do not follow up on it at home. Ideally parents should take the time to teach their child what they should eat so that they grow up solid and healthy. They can do this by teaching their children about good nutrition and backing it up with healthy breakfasts, lunches and dinners.Parents should lead by example as children look to their parents for tips on how they should behave. This is evidenced by the fact that most obese children have obese parents. Parents can teach their kids to lead a healthier lifestyle by educating them on the importance of good food, regular exercise and how calories work. By do ing this they will be able to take charge of their weight by making educated choices on their food and exercise routines. Whether in matters of social development or physical health, parents are typically considered the primary winding agents of childrens socialization and well-being.Also suggested to help curb childhood obesity parents hire to improve their knowledge of child nutrition and decrease television viewing (Gable and Lutz, (2000). In conclusion the childhood obesity problem cannot be fit(p) solely in the hands of schools. Childhood obesity is a world(a) health challenge with no single cause and no single solution. This challenge demands more than individual efforts. It demands changes in public health policies and in the built environment at the local, state, and federal levels to prevent obesity outset in early childhood and to make treatment available to overweight and obese children and adolescents.Without a concerted, cohesive effort to reverse the obesity epide mic, nows children will have shortened lives filled with chronic illness. aft(prenominal) all, schools seem to be natural places in which to enact cost-effective interventions on children. But schools do not seem to be good at drastically changing a students weight, and the elimination of fling food sales in schools is unlikely to upend the child obesity epidemic. The challenge is to develop interventions that reach into the home and community.Perhaps those interventions can start with schools, but they must reach beyond them to be effective. References Butte, Nancy F. Christiansen, Edmund and Sorensen, Thorkild I. A. (2007)Energy ImbalanceUnderlying the Development of Childhood Obesity,http//www. nature. com/oby/journal/v15/n12/full/oby2007364a. html Crooks, Deborah L. (2003) Trading Nutrition for Education nutritional Status and the Sale ofSnack Foods in an Eastern Kentucky School Medical Anthropology Quarterly, NewSeries, Vol. 17, nary(prenominal) 2 (Jun. , 2003), pp. 82-199 Blackwell Publishing on behalf of theAmerican Anthropological Association Gable, Sara Lutz, Susan (2000) Household, Parent, and Child Contributions to ChildhoodObesity Family Relations, Vol. 49, No. 3 (Jul. , 2000), pp. 293-300, National Council onFamily Relations Johnson, R. A. , & Bhattacharyya, G. K. (2010). Statistics Principles & methods. Sixth Edition. John Wiley & Sons Inc. Tamsin McMahon. (2011, June 11). Out to lunch? Policing snacks and BMI grades are no wayfor schools to fight flab critics. National Post,A. 6. Retrieved March 13, 2012, fromBanking Information Source. (Document ID 2373557331).

Managing Business Problems Essay

What argon the causes of sad productivity at heart braggy organizations and how can we look at trying to improve this?productiveness is the degree of output achieved in sex act to a certain take aim of input. For example, in a mention revolve around environment, productivity would be go steadyn as the follow of teleph mavin bawls answered per hour by a certain manage of supply. The teleph whiz inspects ar the output and the furnish ready(prenominal) to take the calls ar the input.In order to improve productivity, one of the following has to occur The take of input is decreased however the take aim of output remains the same, or, the level of output increases solely the level of input remains the same. In relation to the example of the call bone marrow, this would mean reducing the material body of lag available to answer the phone but yet the remaining provide would unchanging have to answer the same number of calls, i.e. they would have to answer more c alls each to compensate for the decrease in staff. Or the other mode to increase productivity in a call marrow would be to keep the same number to staff available to take customer calls but the number of calls universe answered in total would have to increase. productivity is a major issue within whatsoever shaping but especially call marrows. Call centres do try to forecast the number of calls they expect everyday and allocate resources accordingly to deal with these pressures, however there ar appease thousands of calls aban endureed (where the customer hangs up before so far getting through to an advisor) each and every day, this is around metres referred to as call leakage. This is a growing problem for call centres across the republic and it is surprising the amount of customers who testament take their business elsewhere solely because they cant get through on the phone as they see it as poor customer serve up.In many cases it isnt possible for staff numbers t o be increased in order to act with the call volumes that be being received and so the only answer to reducing the call leakage is to increase the productivity of the existing staff. motioning in a call centre environment myself I jimmy that this is a very challenging task as call centre instruments generally bump over browseed and underpaid already and trying to get more puddle out of them pass on be difficult. further my research into call centre life has thrown up some issues surrounding the task of increase staff completeance in order for your business to report smarter. My research examines the possibility of reward remainss as a means of increasing productivity, how call centre staff view their own roles and changes they would interchangeable to see in order to help them perform rectifyDuring my research I searched the Emerald website to watch over relevant journal articles to assist my studies. I came across an interesting one called An exploration of manag erial issues in call centres by Colin Armistead, Julia Kiely, Linda Hole and jean Prescott. This paper consisted of two case studies carried out in two large organisations these will be jazzn as national try out A and Case Study B. I lay down this article useful as it explores why people work in call centres, how they feel intimately their jobs and this research is spread over all levels from call centre agent to general manager. Case Study A provides a good stress to call centre life and will aid understanding of what it is like to work in a call centre environment.In Case Study A, a total of fourteen staff members of all levels were interviewed, interviews lasted one hour and were all taped and transcribed. The interviews explored the initial decision to work for a call centre, the expectations they had before they started and the extent to which their jobs had lived up to those expectations. The authors similarly examined company statistics they found evidence of high turn over in staff who had been employed for a few months consequently reducing to comparatively low turnover by and by they had been employed for more than six months.I found the findings from Case Study A to be very surprising having worked in a call centre myself and non having had very many haughty experiences during my time there. The overall impression from those interviewed was that they felt very positive about their work rate. There were unavoidable differences in how different levels of employees viewed certain issued but there were more similarities than differences. I was elicit to see how employees had spoke about productivity and achievement targets. It became probable that surgery targets were related to the number of calls answered, the time in which it took to answer the calls and also the levels of call leakage.It is very easy to monitor call centre agents against an coordinate of time-related measures and staff felt under a lot of pressure at times due to th is. I can relate to this, as this is on the button how I felt working as a call centre agent. One manager interviewed in Case Study A verbalize that the or so fundamental thing in managing call centre staff was motivation, motivation, motivation, yet the manager in question admitted he had secondary idea of how to activate staff. I do agree that motivating staff to perform well is an issue and I appreciate that highly prompt staff will be more productive but I also moot that if staff working in call centres had a come apart understanding of the bigger picture and knew how their actions impacted upon the business as a whole they whitethorn change their attitudes and automatically perform better and more efficiently.This is just my opinion from my experience of working in a British shooter call centre for almost three eld I have been privileged enough to have been given an insight into the deeper realms of the business, something which frontline staff rarely come into cont act with and I do feel this would be of benefit to them. As it stand now, staff are being thrown tough performance targets by management and expected to get wind them without question, they have no understanding of why the business involve them to perform at a particular level and what the consequences will be if they dont.I believe business awareness to be a snappy part of representing a company to the public and the company I work for do offer a business awareness course, however this is e-learning found and has to be completed in your own time. Needless to say, there are not many staff who take advantage of this opportunity to understand the business they work for due to the above conditions and a lot of staff are probably unaware that the facility even exists. If British Gas were to allow the time for staff to complete this course during working hours or even to be paid overtime for the time they spend on it outside their scheduled hours, they would have a massive response a nd although this would be time consuming and possibly quite costly, I believe that the positive effect on how employees work would outweigh the costs.Productivity is very poor in the call centre I work in after reading relevant sections in a book called Remuneration polity by Patrick McCauley I am under the impression that a prospered reward system can help to improve productivity. McCauley defines motivation obviously as goal directed behaviour and he makes it clear that employees will only be motivated to increase their performance by goals that are actually of interest to them, for example if a manager said to his squad one day that the person with the highest productivity that day would be rewarded with a family ticket to the local pantomime and then you would get Sandra, the mother with 2.4 children, keep up and nice semi-detached house working her socks off, however, Matt, Gary and Emma, the three students on the team and Harold the grandad of the team who is six month s off retirement would not be interested in the slightest by the managers offer of reward.McCauley states that the three key questions we need to look when devising a successful reward system are* What goals will employees actually pursue?* What factors will determine their success or ill luck in achieving these goals?* What will be the consequences of achievement or frustration for the employee and the organisation?As I have already mentioned, it is important to offer rewards that are of interest to the staff and that will actually motivate them to perform better and drive them towards goals which involve meeting productivity and performance targets on the way. It is important to offer generic rewards that are appealable to all or a choice of a few different rewards in order to cater for all the different ages, cultures etc. I have dome some research in to reward systems whilst working on a service excellence team in the British Gas call centre and the rewards that were constantl y being requested by staff were things such as an extra days annual leave, high street vouchers, deputising for a higher(prenominal) level role for half a day as a development opportunity etc.These were things that the frontline staff were telling management would motivate them to work harder and to a higher banal, however management declined these requests as they see them as too ambitious and they were especially against the extra holiday which regrettably was the most popular suggestion. It was a shame these suggestions were declined as staff then felt that they were being ignored which in turn lowered morale and saw a drop in productivity for a soon while, it would probably have been cheaper for the company to have allowed a small number of desired rewards which would have increased productivity for while and certainly wouldnt have reduced it. faculty are already aware of what their targets are on a day to day basis and we need to phone that there will be a percentage of st aff who do consistently meet these targets, therefore when setting criteria for a reward system we have to set it higher than daily performance targets to show that staff are being recognised for going above and beyond the call of duty and not just being coaxed into doing what is already expected of them. Staff will have to meet daily performance and productivity targets and then some before they can achieve a reward.If an employee successfully achieves a reward for their performance then not only will their productivity have had to increase to achieve the reward in the first place but as that desired behaviour has now been rewarded, the employee will be conditioned into repeating it in order to gain further rewards.If an employee both attempts and fails to reach the goal required to achieve a reward or doesnt make the bowel movement and sees his colleagues around him being rewarded for their increased effort and performance it will have one of the two following effects upon him* He will become de-motivated as he is feeling left(p) out or a failure as his efforts are not being recognised because he fails to reach the required standard and his performance will drop further.* He will become determined to work to the required level to achieve a reward to prove to himself and his managers that he too can perform well.If the latter of the consequences occurs then the reward systems is still being effective in all areas as even failures are being motivated to continue to strive for the reward on offer. However if the company begins to see individuals experiencing a drop in motivation and performance they whitethorn need to consider addressing this with a reward for example for the most improved productivity each month, therefore even those whose efforts dont bring them above the required productivity level for a standard reward have a chance of recognition for their efforts alone.McCauley examines Vrooms expectancy theory and this supports the issues raised above . Vroom does state though that the criteria that needs to be met in order to achieve a reward has to be very clear cut and communicated thoroughly to all levels of staff so as to avoid woolly areas where decisions to reward or not may be disputed.Throughout my research I have identified rudimentary issues surrounding the productivity of call centre staff and how to improve this by encouraging motivation amongst staff and providing them with personal goals that at the same time guide them towards achieving the productivity levels required by the business. I have come to the conclusion that productivity can only really be successfully increased in the long term by providing something for the individual to work towards, not just setting targets and expecting them to be met. I also think that increased business awareness amongst frontline staff would be beneficial to any call centre so then at least they know and understand why there are certain pressures placed upon them and they may be more welcoming to the challenge of attaining higher targets.BibliographyAn exploration of managerial issues in call centres. (Journal Article)Colin Armistead, Julia Kiely, Linda Hole & Jean Prescott.Remuneration Policy